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 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "auckland-safeswim",
  "title": "Safeswim: Auckland's Modelled Beach Water-Quality Forecasts and Overflow Alerts",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/auckland-safeswim/"
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 "currentRevisionId": "2026-10-15-baseline",
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   "id": "2026-10-15-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-10-15T05:10:13Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-10-15",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 17 claims and 9 source dossiers.",
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     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
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    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2017,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Auckland Council (Healthy Waters and Flood Resilience), with Watercare's overflow sensors, Surf Life Saving New Zealand and health partners; water-quality models by DHI",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government",
      "utility",
      "regional-government",
      "civil-society"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": "Auckland Council; overflow sensors on Watercare's wastewater network; remediation through the Water Quality Targeted Rate. No programme budget located.",
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-c6b60c8342c5f6c7",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Safeswim is Auckland Council's public map of swimming risk.",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The programme describes itself as real-time information on water quality and swimming conditions at popular swimming locations, and its disclaimer names Auckland Council as the body providing the information with its partners.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "For two decades it published weekly samples that took up to 48 hours to analyse",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The programme team's paper says Auckland Council had assessed beach water quality through Safeswim for over 20 years, primarily with weekly monitoring and laboratory analysis taking up to 48 hours; the FAQ repeats the weekly cadence and the 48-hour analysis time.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-ef41a4b42961a6b8",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "after an independent review commissioned in October 2016, the council rebuilt it in November 2017 around models that predict faecal bacteria from rainfall, wind and tide",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The paper dates the independent review to October 2016 and the switch to a model-based programme to November 2017; Newsroom reported the council's approval with a 1 November 2017 launch; the FAQ lists rainfall, tide, wind and sunlight data as model inputs.",
      "caveat": "The paper's authors are the programme team, including the consultants who worked on the upgrade; the review itself is not published as a separate document in our sources.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Each site shows a green or red pin, updated at least every 15 minutes",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The programme page states that a green or red pin is shown depending on whether predicted water quality meets the New Zealand guideline values, and that predictions are updated at least every 15 minutes.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-f46e947c31fd1094",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "when a sensor on Watercare's wastewater network detects an overflow, the nearby beach turns black for 48 hours",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The FAQ says Auckland Council integrates Watercare's overflow sensors, and that a detected overflow automatically overrides the model at the associated beach with a temporary black pin for 48 hours.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "By the 2025/26 summer it covered 163 sites, and it now also serves Northland.",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The council's December 2025 announcement says 16 new sites bring the total to 163 beaches, lagoons, streams and lakes; the FAQ says forecasts cover the Auckland and Northland regions. The announcement page could not be read directly; the sentence was confirmed in a search rendering.",
      "caveat": "Site counts have changed every season (84 beaches and 8 freshwater sites at launch, about 147 in December 2024).",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-820679668647671f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Safeswim says neither councils nor Surf Life Saving New Zealand have the authority to close beaches.",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Answering 'Does Safeswim close beaches?', the FAQ says neither councils nor Surf Life Saving New Zealand have that authority and that Safeswim provides information so people can make informed choices.",
      "caveat": "Press reports have nonetheless described beaches as 'closed' (The Spinoff, 2018); see the contradiction noted with the sources.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-3ac7ff15f8358fb4",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "it classified 43 of 64 samples correctly (67%), against 7 of 64 (11%) for the old weekly monitoring, and detected 39 of 54 guideline exceedances, against 2 of 54; 16 of its 64 results were still false negatives",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Table 4 of the paper compares model forecasts and weekly monitoring with targeted sampling at eight beaches across four rain events between 8 March and 5 April 2017.",
      "caveat": "A test by the programme's own team, over 64 samples in one month; the figures are in a table of the PDF.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "weekly monitoring at Red Beach found 1 exceedance in 330 samples over 22 years, while targeted sampling found 4 in a single day after 6 mm of rain in November 2017",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The paper gives this example of how weekly monitoring underestimated contamination events.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Safeswim puts its own accuracy at 85–93% since 2019, and its December 2025 announcement gave the previous summer 93%, with Auckland beaches suitable for swimming 84.5 per cent of the time",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The FAQ defines accuracy as agreement between a sample's risk class and the pin shown at the same time and place, assessed each year and 'overseen independently'; the December 2025 announcement reports 93% and 84.5% for the previous summer.",
      "caveat": "Operator self-report; no published audit of the accuracy figures was located. The December 2025 figures were confirmed through a search rendering of the announcement.",
      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "in December 2021 long-term warnings at Titirangi, Wairau Outlet and Piha North Lagoon were lifted, and the mayor credited the Safe Networks programme of Auckland Council and Watercare, funded by the Water Quality Targeted Rate, with resolving the contamination at Titirangi and Wairau Outlet \"alongside further SafeSwim monitoring\"",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "1News reports the three warnings lifted and quotes the mayor's statement crediting the targeted-rate-funded Safe Networks programme together with further SafeSwim monitoring.",
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     },
     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "The investigative phase at Titirangi alone cost about $250,000, before repairs.",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The Safeswim programme manager told 1News that discrete costs across Auckland Council and Watercare for the Titirangi investigative phase were about $250,000, excluding repairs.",
      "caveat": null,
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "No source measures whether the forecasts changed who swims or reduced illness.",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Newsroom reported at approval that the scheme 'will not result in instant improvements in water quality'; the programme's own pages describe information for informed choices and do not report any measured change in swimming behaviour or illness.",
      "caveat": "A statement about the absence of evidence in the sources located, not a finding that there was no effect.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "Safeswim's models exposed contamination that weekly sampling had missed for decades",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The programme team concluded that weekly monitoring had consistently underestimated the frequency of contamination events and gave a false sense of security.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "with no power to close a beach the consequence has to come from elsewhere: from pipe investigations and repairs, paid for by a separate rate, that lift warnings one beach at a time",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "supportNote": "The FAQ rules out closures; 1News describes the Safe Networks investigations (water and network testing, smoke and dye testing, property inspections) funded by the Water Quality Targeted Rate, after which individual long-term warnings were lifted.",
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     },
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "national bathing-water statistics leave the region out, because Auckland does not supply its sampling results to the national dataset and predicted data and field measurements are not comparable",
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      "supportNote": "The March 2026 national factsheet excludes Auckland from all its analyses because the region does not supply sampling results to LAWA and field measurements and predicted data are not comparable.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-b0e44b48aacd66de",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "in December 2024 the mayor dismissed a red pin on the new harbour pool he had opened a week earlier as computer modelling \"which can mean anything\"",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Newstalk ZB reports the second red pin at the Karanga Plaza pool, which the mayor had opened seven days earlier, and quotes him saying Safeswim is based on computer modelling 'which can mean anything'; the council replied that sampling results take about 48 hours.",
      "caveat": null,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-c9860cc630991d7a",
      "title": "Safeswim — Frequently asked questions",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The programme's own FAQ (2026 edition, which ranks the 2025/26 season). States that water quality is updated every 15 minutes from sampling, real-time rainfall, tide, wind and sunlight data and models; that an overflow sensor on Watercare's wastewater network automatically overrides the model with a black pin for 48 hours; that 'Neither Councils nor Surf Life Saving New Zealand have the authority to close beaches'; that accuracy, checked against sampling and 'overseen independently', has been 85–93% since 2019; and that forecasts cover only the Auckland and Northland regions.",
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      "title": "Safeswim — About Safeswim",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The programme's standing description: green pin (low risk) or red pin (high risk) depending on whether predicted water quality meets New Zealand guideline values, a black pin when a wastewater overflow is detected, predictions updated at least every 15 minutes from rainfall, wind and other data, and manual overrides by operational staff.",
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      "title": "Water New Zealand — Safeswim: a sea change in assessing beach water quality risk (2018 Stormwater Conference)",
      "url": "https://www.waternz.org.nz/Attachment?Action=Download&Attachment_id=3208",
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Conference paper by the programme team (Martin Neale and Andrew Schollum of Puhoi Stour, Kris Fordham of Civix, Nick Brown of Auckland Council). Records the October 2016 independent review, the February 2017 committee decision, the November 2017 switch to modelling, the DHI model built 2014–2016, the pre-launch comparison (model 43 of 64 correct, monitoring 7 of 64; 39 of 54 exceedances detected against 2; 16 false negatives), and Red Beach's 1 exceedance in 330 samples over 22 years against 4 in one day after 6 mm of rain.",
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      "id": "src-194213a00a8af691",
      "title": "Newsroom — Swimming in a contaminant soup (12 Sep 2017)",
      "url": "https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/09/12/47410/swimming-in-a-contaminant-soup",
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       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Reports the council committee's approval of the new Safeswim scheme, to launch on 1 November 2017; quotes the mayor that the public will be shocked by the figures and 'will demand to know what we are doing about it', and the committee chair that 'we are being more transparent'; states the scheme 'will not result in instant improvements in water quality'.",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-a409097172ba65c9",
      "title": "The Spinoff — Cheat Sheet: How safe is it to swim at Auckland’s beaches? (16 Feb 2018)",
      "url": "https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/16-02-2018/cheat-sheet-how-safe-is-it-to-swim-at-aucklands-beaches",
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      "role": "background",
      "claimRefs": [],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2018-02-16",
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      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Explainer after February 2018 storms: the Safeswim website, a partnership including Auckland Council and Watercare, launched in November with a three-level alert system covering 84 beaches and 8 freshwater locations; also says Milford Beach 'has been closed at least three times since Christmas'.",
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      },
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