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Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "auckland-demand-responsive-parking", "title": "Auckland's Occupancy-Based On-Street Parking Prices", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/auckland-demand-responsive-parking/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-10-15-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-10-15-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-10-15T05:10:28Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-10-15", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 13 claims and 10 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:0460b36ff5d1b85c277cfc4dff73829f578b4bc57bce13dffebc7f8d1fbc3652", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-10-15", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:2815fce13b908c3ec9d67be142ee429d1b2ca83da172c14a99c4d2bf1bb47a53", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. 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the source does not say how often each step has been applied.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6c4a8a4042a933a2", "field": "snippet", "text": "The measurements are occupancy surveys repeated every three, six or twelve months.", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-b749dc47d30684e6", "src-6b770946d0d6ec38" ], "supportNote": "The strategy says parking demand will be reviewed every 3, 6 or 12 months through surveys on at least three different days; the Grafton review shows the method in practice, with counts on three days in June 2022.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c1dc5e0dfc965b11", "field": "snippet", "text": "the strategy now folds market rates and inflation into an annual review", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d894670497210035" ], "supportNote": "The May 2023 strategy says demand-responsive pricing will remain a key tool, but price setting will incorporate market value/rates, inflation and other relevant factors and be updated generally annually.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b4fad73484055997", "field": "snippet", "text": "the April 2025 rise of 50 cents an hour was explained by operating costs up 13 percent", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-c19559a78d6fd39a" ], "supportNote": "Auckland Transport announced a 50-cent hourly rise from 14 April 2025 at all on-street spaces and AT car parks, quoting its parking services manager that operational costs had gone up by 13 percent.", "caveat": "The same release says demand-based adjustments continue during the year; it does not say whether occupancy data played any part in this rise.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-3fd9f31a09f5b8d6", "field": "snippet", "text": "Since 1 October 2026 Auckland Council runs public parking.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-a7ecff27dc42ab1c" ], "supportNote": "The report on the transfer of transport functions says that from 1 October Auckland Council took over public parking from Auckland Transport, which now runs only public transport.", "caveat": "The report does not say whether the council keeps the 85% pricing rule.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2c3b6e6e190f7f10", "field": "impact", "text": "the Parking Reform Atlas case study calls its success anecdotal and asks for detailed evaluations", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-fc18f955d5aff9ce" ], "supportNote": "The case study writes that the Auckland approach has been successful anecdotally and that its author would like to see detailed evaluations of the policy.", "caveat": "That no evaluation was found is a finding of this review, not a statement that none exists.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-8dd2235e3f480bba", "field": "impact", "text": "In 2016 Auckland Transport said about 94 per cent of on-street spaces were occupied at busy times in parts of the city centre, above the target band, and raised the price of stays beyond two hours from July that year.", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-bc87342ef0f65aa8" ], "supportNote": "The report says the on-street price rise was rolled out from 11 July 2016, that prices rise after the first two hours, and that Auckland Transport said about 94 per cent of on-street spaces were occupied at busy times in parts of the city centre.", "caveat": "The occupancy figure is the operator's, relayed by the press.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2dee3006dcfc2c2b", "field": "impact", "text": "its review found average peak occupancy had fallen from 88% in 2016 to 77% in 2022, so no price review was considered", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6b770946d0d6ec38" ], "supportNote": "Auckland Transport's Grafton review reports that average peak occupancy fell from 88% in 2016 to 77% in 2022, and says a price review is not considered at this stage because the zone average was 77%.", "caveat": "Operator self-assessment of a residential paid zone, not the city-centre zone; the comparison does not control for anything else that changed between 2016 and 2022.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-3516f18bea2b6a26", "field": "lesson", "text": "Heart of the City, the business association that worked with Auckland Transport on the 2012 scheme", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-bd6de71e9f796f0b" ], "supportNote": "The 2012 notice says Heart of the City and Auckland Transport worked together to make it simpler to park in the city centre.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-1b0d04acdfa613bc", "field": "lesson", "text": "said in 2024 that new 24-hour charges were out of step with demand-based management and that it had asked for the demand figures without receiving them", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6eed692118d9bcbb" ], "supportNote": "1News quotes Heart of the City's Viv Beck saying the change was out of step with the way parking had been managed on the basis of demand, and that the association had asked for demand figures and had not been given them.", "caveat": "The quote reflects the position in May 2024; the overnight charges were later deferred and, as of September 2026, were to start once the City Rail Link opened.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-b3f2206a95678c36", "field": "lesson", "text": "while the chief executive called the charges a commercial approach to find savings", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6eed692118d9bcbb" ], "supportNote": "The report quotes Auckland Transport chief executive Dean Kimpton describing the new charges as a commercial approach to find savings, after the mayor and council asked AT to find $73 million in savings.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-bd6de71e9f796f0b", "title": "Heart of the City — CBD Parking Changes In Effect (14 Nov 2012)", "url": "https://www.hotcity.co.nz/node/95053", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "hotcity.co.nz", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-4b7676160fbcac63", "clm-3516f18bea2b6a26" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2012-11-14", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-15", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-15", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The city-centre business association announces, jointly with Auckland Transport, that the new rates take effect from Monday 19 November 2012, with no time limits on pay-and-display parking and a free 10-minute grace period.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-b749dc47d30684e6", "title": "Auckland Transport — Parking Strategy, Board meeting 28 April 2015 (agenda item 10.6)", "url": "https://at.govt.nz/media/1207189/item-106-parking-strategy-final.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "at.govt.nz", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-4b7676160fbcac63", "clm-b1afbdc68fae1f2b", "clm-e2add372e97ac54b", "clm-6c4a8a4042a933a2" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2015-04-28", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-15", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-15", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Board paper approving the parking strategy. States the 2012 city-centre review and the City Centre Parking Zone, and sets out the pricing rule: an average 85% peak occupancy target, 70-90% acceptable, measured by occupancy surveys every 3, 6 or 12 months, with price steps of up to 15% or 25%.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-bc87342ef0f65aa8", "title": "Driven Car Guide (NZME) — Auckland city parking rates hike: Eight-hour workday could cost $63 (11 Jul 2016)", "url": "https://www.drivencarguide.co.nz/news/auckland-city-parking-rates-hike-eight-hour-workday-could-cost-63/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "drivencarguide.co.nz", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-8dd2235e3f480bba" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2016-07-11", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-15", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-15", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports the July 2016 rise in on-street rates for stays beyond two hours and Auckland Transport's statement that about 94 per cent of on-street spaces were occupied at busy times in parts of the city centre.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-fc18f955d5aff9ce", "title": "Parking Reform Atlas — Auckland demand-based parking price setting", "url": "https://www.parkingreformatlas.org/parking-reform-cases-1/auckland-demand-based-parking-price-setting", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "parkingreformatlas.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-2c3b6e6e190f7f10" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": "2021-04-08", "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-15", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-15", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Case study by parking researcher Paul Barter. Summarises the Auckland rule, calls its success anecdotal and asks for detailed evaluations of the policy.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-d894670497210035", "title": "Auckland Transport — Room to Move: Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland's Parking Strategy (May 2023)", "url": "https://at.govt.nz/media/1991931/auckland-transport-room-to-move-t%C4%81maki-makaurau-aucklands-parking-strategy-may-2023.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "at.govt.nz", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-c1dc5e0dfc965b11" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-15", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-15", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Current parking strategy. Keeps demand-responsive pricing as a key tool but says price setting will incorporate market rates, inflation and other factors and be updated generally annually; notes that 87% of city-centre parking is private.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-6b770946d0d6ec38", "title": "Auckland Transport — Grafton Residential Paid Parking Zone: price review and benefit review", "url": "https://at.govt.nz/media/1991740/auckland-transport-grafton-parking-changes-price-and-benefit-review.pdf", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "at.govt.nz", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "pdf", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-6c4a8a4042a933a2", "clm-2dee3006dcfc2c2b" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-15", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-15", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Auckland Transport's review of the Grafton paid parking zone introduced in 2018, based on occupancy surveys on three days in June 2022. Reports average peak occupancy of 88% in 2016 and 77% in 2022 and decides that no price review is warranted.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-6eed692118d9bcbb", "title": "1News — Some businesses 'blindsided' by changes to Auckland parking fees (13 May 2024)", "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2024/05/13/some-businesses-blindsided-by-changes-to-auckland-parking-fees/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "1news.co.nz", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-1b0d04acdfa613bc", "clm-b3f2206a95678c36" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-05-13", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-15", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-15", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports Auckland Transport's 2024 plan for 24-hour city-centre charges, which its chief executive called a commercial approach to find savings, and Heart of the City's response that the change was out of step with demand-based management and that the demand figures it asked for had not been provided.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-c19559a78d6fd39a", "title": "Auckland Transport — Parking prices set to rise 50c per hour across Auckland (31 Mar 2025)", "url": "https://at.govt.nz/about-us/news-events/media-centre/2025-media-releases/parking-prices-set-to-rise-50c-per-hour-across-auckland", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "at.govt.nz", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-b4fad73484055997" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-03-31", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-15", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-15", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Operator release announcing a 50-cent hourly rise at all on-street spaces and AT car parks from 14 April 2025, explained by operating costs up 13 percent; says prices are set in an annual review of market, economic and cost data plus demand-based adjustments during the year.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-068ede0e5094052b", "title": "Auckland Transport — Changes to on-street parking in Auckland city centre", "url": "https://at.govt.nz/projects-initiatives/city-centre-projects-and-initiatives/changes-to-on-street-parking-in-auckland-city-centre", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "at.govt.nz", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "background", "claimRefs": [], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": "2026-09-28", "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-15", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-15", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Standing page on city-centre parking changes. Records the 2024 proposal for paid parking at all hours, the Sunday and public-holiday charges already introduced, and that overnight charges will start once the City Rail Link opens.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-a7ecff27dc42ab1c", "title": "Inside Government NZ — Transport function changes on board for Auckland Council (1 Oct 2026)", "url": "https://insidegovernment.co.nz/transport-function-changes-on-board-for-auckland-council/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "insidegovernment.co.nz", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-3fd9f31a09f5b8d6" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-10-01", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-10-15", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-10-15", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Reports that from 1 October 2026 Auckland Council took over Auckland Transport's functions other than public transport, including public parking, and that the AT Park app became AC Parking.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 13, "claimsMapped": 13, "sourcesTotal": 10, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 9, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 6, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }