{
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 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "ankara-aski-water-loss",
  "title": "ASKİ SCADA Network and Ankara's Water Losses",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/ankara-aski-water-loss/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-source-dates",
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   "createdAt": "2026-08-21T12:35:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-06",
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   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 6 claims and 5 source dossiers.",
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     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
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    {
     "operation": "add",
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     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
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    "governance": {
     "operator": "ASKİ (Ankara Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi / Ankara Water and Sewerage Administration)",
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    },
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      "text": "ASKİ runs Ankara's drinking-water network from a single SCADA control centre, staffed around the clock, with reservoirs, pump stations and network measurement points reporting in so that leaks and failures can be found without waiting for a burst to surface",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
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      "supportNote": "The operator's then general manager stated that 106 water reservoirs, 59 pump stations and 93 measurement points across Ankara were connected to the SCADA system, describing a 24-hour main control centre with three operators per shift.",
      "caveat": "That page is dated 10 March 2011 and its figures are fifteen years old, although search engines surface them as if current. It is used here only to establish that centralised SCADA control predates 2011 — no start year for the original system could be established from any source, so none is claimed.",
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       "interpolation": false,
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the utility's own 2025-2029 strategic plan opens the planning period at a 42% loss rate and sets 25% as the target for 2029",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "text": "The same plan lists \"high loss rate\" among ASKİ's self-declared weaknesses and records SCADA renewal as 0% complete in 2025, due to reach 100% only in 2029",
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      "text": "Turkish press citing Court of Accounts (Sayıştay) audits reports roughly 38% for 2019-2020, 36.35% for 2021 and above 30% for 2023-2024",
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      "supportNote": "The press account of the audit gives roughly 38 per cent for 2019-2020, 36.35 per cent for 2021 and above 30 per cent for 2023-2024, against a ministry regulatory ceiling of 30 per cent for 2023, and frames the losses as a risk of loss to the public purse.",
      "caveat": "The underlying audit report itself was not retrieved: these year-by-year percentages rest on this press account, while the 42 and 25 per cent figures rest on the utility's own plan.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Istanbul's İSKİ, running the same SCADA-and-district-metering playbook, reports 18.6%",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The Istanbul comparison point already in the atlas records non-revenue water falling from 22.3 per cent in 2019 to 18.6 per cent in 2024 under the same architecture.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "id": "clm-cb2da8476911e575",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the gap between 18.6% and 42% is not explained by which of them owns the technology. A control room tells you where the water is going; it does not replace the pipe",
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      "supportNote": "The peer-reviewed study of a district metering area in Gölbaşı without SCADA found that minimum night flow rose again a year after remediation — creating a metering zone without continuous monitoring does not hold the gain. Against that mechanism, the utility's own plan still opens at 42 per cent and schedules its SCADA renewal to finish only in 2029.",
      "caveat": "The study supports the mechanism, not the citywide percentages, and the comparison between the two cities is the entry's own.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "src-896681cc1c283be6",
      "title": "ASKİ (operator) — 2025-2029 Strategic Plan, PDF",
      "url": "https://www.aski.gov.tr/Yukle/Dosya/faaliyetperformans/2025-2029%20stratejikPlan.pdf",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Primary source, text extracted directly. Core performance indicator table gives plan-period opening value 42 and end-of-plan target 25 for \"Kayıp Kaçak Oranı (%)\". Strategic goal 1.5 is \"Kayıp kaçak oranını düşürmek\". The SWOT lists \"Kayıp kaçak oranının yüksek olması\" as a weakness and \"SCADA sisteminin yenilenecek olması\" as a factor. Indicator PG.1.1.1 \"SCADA Sisteminin Yenilenme Oranı (%)\" has a 2025 baseline of 0 and a 2029 target of 100, owned by Bilgi İşlem Dairesi Başkanlığı.",
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     {
      "id": "src-88c00c57addcb736",
      "title": "Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi (operator) — SCADA control centre, 10 March 2011",
      "url": "https://www.ankara.bel.tr/haberler/aski-nin-mobese-si-scada-sistemi-1049",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ankara.bel.tr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
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       "publishedAt": "2011-03-10",
       "updatedAt": null,
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       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
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       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "DATED 10 MARCH 2011 — the figures here are fifteen years old and are not current; search engines surface them as if they were. ASKİ's then general manager: \"Ankara genelindeki 106 su deposu, 59 pompa istasyonu, 93 ölçüm noktası SCADA sistemine bağlıdır.\" Describes a 24-hour main control centre with three operators per shift. Used here only to establish that centralised SCADA control predates 2011.",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-c717d95314198bb3",
      "title": "Songur, Dabanlı, Yılmazel & Şenyel Kürkçüoğlu (peer-reviewed) — Afyon Kocatepe Univ. J. Sci. Eng. 21(6), 2021",
      "url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/akufemubid/issue/68044/947662",
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       "domain": "dergipark.org.tr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
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       "status": "record-date-only"
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "\"Su Dağıtım Şebekelerindeki Fiziki Kayıpların Önlenmesinde SCADA'nın Önemi: ASKİ Örneği\". Studies a district metering area in Gölbaşı without SCADA: minimum night flow rose again a year after remediation, i.e. creating a metering zone without continuous monitoring does not hold the gain. Supports the mechanism, not the citywide percentages.",
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     },
     {
      "id": "src-cabe7356b9a40bbc",
      "title": "Memurlar.net (press) — report on Sayıştay audit, 4 January 2026",
      "url": "https://www.memurlar.net/haber/1156247/sayistay-dan-aski-raporu-barajdan-gelen-suyun-ucte-biri-kayip.html",
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       "name": null,
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       "value": "Secondary reporting of the Court of Accounts audit: ~38% for 2019-2020, 36.35% for 2021, above 30% for 2023-2024, against a Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry regulatory ceiling of 30% for 2023. Frames losses as \"kamu zarar riski\". The underlying Sayıştay report itself was NOT retrieved — the year-by-year percentages here rest on this press account, while the 42%/25% figures rest on ASKİ's own plan.",
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      "title": "İSKİ / atlas cross-reference (operator)",
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       "name": null,
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      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Istanbul comparison point already in the atlas as istanbul-scada-water: non-revenue water 22.3% (2019) falling to 18.6% (2024).",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
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       "status": "not-captured"
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     "claimsMapped": 6,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "2026-08-21-source-dates",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T02:02:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-06",
   "changeType": "update",
   "summary": "Record the publication date of each source that states one; a source that publishes no date is marked null, and one that shows only a revision carries `updated` instead.",
   "preparedBy": {
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    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
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     "operation": "replace",
     "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint",
     "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record."
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     "operator": "ASKİ (Ankara Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi / Ankara Water and Sewerage Administration)",
     "actorTypes": [
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    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-09446e1ab3e2a381",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "ASKİ runs Ankara's drinking-water network from a single SCADA control centre, staffed around the clock, with reservoirs, pump stations and network measurement points reporting in so that leaks and failures can be found without waiting for a burst to surface",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's then general manager stated that 106 water reservoirs, 59 pump stations and 93 measurement points across Ankara were connected to the SCADA system, describing a 24-hour main control centre with three operators per shift.",
      "caveat": "That page is dated 10 March 2011 and its figures are fifteen years old, although search engines surface them as if current. It is used here only to establish that centralised SCADA control predates 2011 — no start year for the original system could be established from any source, so none is claimed.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a1c6e22bc81abaef",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the utility's own 2025-2029 strategic plan opens the planning period at a 42% loss rate and sets 25% as the target for 2029",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-896681cc1c283be6"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The plan's core performance indicator table gives a plan-period opening value of 42 and an end-of-plan target of 25 for the loss-and-leakage rate, with strategic goal 1.5 being to reduce it.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-8b84fa74ee549fdc",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "The same plan lists \"high loss rate\" among ASKİ's self-declared weaknesses and records SCADA renewal as 0% complete in 2025, due to reach 100% only in 2029",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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       "src-896681cc1c283be6"
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      "supportNote": "The plan's own SWOT lists the high loss-and-leakage rate as a weakness and the forthcoming SCADA renewal as a factor; indicator PG.1.1.1, the SCADA system renewal rate, carries a 2025 baseline of 0 and a 2029 target of 100, owned by the IT directorate.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-08f1d83e475c83a1",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Turkish press citing Court of Accounts (Sayıştay) audits reports roughly 38% for 2019-2020, 36.35% for 2021 and above 30% for 2023-2024",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-cabe7356b9a40bbc"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The press account of the audit gives roughly 38 per cent for 2019-2020, 36.35 per cent for 2021 and above 30 per cent for 2023-2024, against a ministry regulatory ceiling of 30 per cent for 2023, and frames the losses as a risk of loss to the public purse.",
      "caveat": "The underlying audit report itself was not retrieved: these year-by-year percentages rest on this press account, while the 42 and 25 per cent figures rest on the utility's own plan.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-69a68910323d794f",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Istanbul's İSKİ, running the same SCADA-and-district-metering playbook, reports 18.6%",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-65cd0c60eac0cb95"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Istanbul comparison point already in the atlas records non-revenue water falling from 22.3 per cent in 2019 to 18.6 per cent in 2024 under the same architecture.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-cb2da8476911e575",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the gap between 18.6% and 42% is not explained by which of them owns the technology. A control room tells you where the water is going; it does not replace the pipe",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c717d95314198bb3",
       "src-896681cc1c283be6"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The peer-reviewed study of a district metering area in Gölbaşı without SCADA found that minimum night flow rose again a year after remediation — creating a metering zone without continuous monitoring does not hold the gain. Against that mechanism, the utility's own plan still opens at 42 per cent and schedules its SCADA renewal to finish only in 2029.",
      "caveat": "The study supports the mechanism, not the citywide percentages, and the comparison between the two cities is the entry's own.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-896681cc1c283be6",
      "title": "ASKİ (operator) — 2025-2029 Strategic Plan, PDF",
      "url": "https://www.aski.gov.tr/Yukle/Dosya/faaliyetperformans/2025-2029%20stratejikPlan.pdf",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "aski.gov.tr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "pdf",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-a1c6e22bc81abaef",
       "clm-8b84fa74ee549fdc",
       "clm-cb2da8476911e575"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Primary source, text extracted directly. Core performance indicator table gives plan-period opening value 42 and end-of-plan target 25 for \"Kayıp Kaçak Oranı (%)\". Strategic goal 1.5 is \"Kayıp kaçak oranını düşürmek\". The SWOT lists \"Kayıp kaçak oranının yüksek olması\" as a weakness and \"SCADA sisteminin yenilenecek olması\" as a factor. Indicator PG.1.1.1 \"SCADA Sisteminin Yenilenme Oranı (%)\" has a 2025 baseline of 0 and a 2029 target of 100, owned by Bilgi İşlem Dairesi Başkanlığı.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-88c00c57addcb736",
      "title": "Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi (operator) — SCADA control centre, 10 March 2011",
      "url": "https://www.ankara.bel.tr/haberler/aski-nin-mobese-si-scada-sistemi-1049",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ankara.bel.tr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-09446e1ab3e2a381"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2011-03-10",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "DATED 10 MARCH 2011 — the figures here are fifteen years old and are not current; search engines surface them as if they were. ASKİ's then general manager: \"Ankara genelindeki 106 su deposu, 59 pompa istasyonu, 93 ölçüm noktası SCADA sistemine bağlıdır.\" Describes a 24-hour main control centre with three operators per shift. Used here only to establish that centralised SCADA control predates 2011.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-c717d95314198bb3",
      "title": "Songur, Dabanlı, Yılmazel & Şenyel Kürkçüoğlu (peer-reviewed) — Afyon Kocatepe Univ. J. Sci. Eng. 21(6), 2021",
      "url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/akufemubid/issue/68044/947662",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "dergipark.org.tr",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-cb2da8476911e575"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2021-12-31",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "\"Su Dağıtım Şebekelerindeki Fiziki Kayıpların Önlenmesinde SCADA'nın Önemi: ASKİ Örneği\". Studies a district metering area in Gölbaşı without SCADA: minimum night flow rose again a year after remediation, i.e. creating a metering zone without continuous monitoring does not hold the gain. Supports the mechanism, not the citywide percentages.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-cabe7356b9a40bbc",
      "title": "Memurlar.net (press) — report on Sayıştay audit, 4 January 2026",
      "url": "https://www.memurlar.net/haber/1156247/sayistay-dan-aski-raporu-barajdan-gelen-suyun-ucte-biri-kayip.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "memurlar.net",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-08f1d83e475c83a1"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2026-01-04",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Secondary reporting of the Court of Accounts audit: ~38% for 2019-2020, 36.35% for 2021, above 30% for 2023-2024, against a Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry regulatory ceiling of 30% for 2023. Frames losses as \"kamu zarar riski\". The underlying Sayıştay report itself was NOT retrieved — the year-by-year percentages here rest on this press account, while the 42%/25% figures rest on ASKİ's own plan.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-65cd0c60eac0cb95",
      "title": "İSKİ / atlas cross-reference (operator)",
      "url": "https://iski.istanbul/kurumsal/hakkimizda/scada-teknolojisi/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "iski.istanbul",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-69a68910323d794f"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Istanbul comparison point already in the atlas as istanbul-scada-water: non-revenue water 22.3% (2019) falling to 18.6% (2024).",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 6,
     "claimsMapped": 6,
     "sourcesTotal": 5,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 5,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 3,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}