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 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "amman-smart-water-metering",
  "title": "Amman Smart Water Metering (Miyahuna/Itron NRW Reduction)",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/amman-smart-water-metering/"
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  {
   "id": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-21T23:30:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-07",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 14 claims and 6 source dossiers.",
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     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
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     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
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    "asOf": "2026-08-07",
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    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
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     "machineChecks": [
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    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "media",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2015,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Miyahuna (Jordan Water Company)",
     "actorTypes": [
      "utility"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "mixed",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": null,
     "ownership": null,
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    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-73267ac87b8a1964",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Miyahuna, the Jordan Water Company serving Amman and the Zarqa and Madaba governorates",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-31c5865cf057de3a",
       "src-0ee74cc762715297"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Itron release names the utility and its service area verbatim: \"Miyahuna provides water and wastewater services to more than 670,000 customers in the Kingdom of Jordan, serving the provinces of Amman, Zarqa and Madaba.\" The IFC release calls Miyahuna \"Amman's water company\" and \"a state-owned water utility\".",
      "caveat": "The two sources describe the footprint differently: Itron (2018) names three governorates, while IFC (2024) says Miyahuna \"supplies potable water to over 6 million residents of the Greater Amman region and the neighboring Zarqa, Madaba, and Balqa governorates\" — a fourth governorate the entry does not mention.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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     {
      "id": "clm-0d84464561db033d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "has been rolling out ultrasonic smart water meters since December 2015",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-3049d1f5e0d6c511",
       "src-afe1b4a7a85683c4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Roya News, published 21 December 2015, reports that Miyahuna began installing smart meters in the capital days earlier, replacing mechanical meters with ultrasonic ones (\"لاستبدال عدادات المياه الميكانيكية بأخرى التراسونيك\"). The Jordan Times of 18 December 2015 independently dates the start: \"The company started replacing regular water meters with the smart gauges this week.\" That the rollout continued is carried by the later sources (Itron 2018, minister's figure 2023).",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-ecb2287bd82ef590",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "began replacing 123,000 meters for mid- and high-consumption customers",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-3049d1f5e0d6c511",
       "src-afe1b4a7a85683c4"
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      "supportNote": "Roya News quotes Miyahuna water-services director Mohammad Malkawi: the company \"تستهدف توزيع وتركيب 123 ألف عداد مياه جديد مجانا على مشتركي كافة مناطق العاصمة من ذوي الاستهلاك المتوسط والكبير\" — targets distributing and installing 123,000 new meters free of charge to medium- and large-consumption subscribers across all districts of the capital, defined as more than 49 cubic metres per billing cycle. The Jordan Times gives the same threshold in English: \"subscribers categorised as large water consumers who use 50 cubic metres of water and more per cycle [three months]\".",
      "caveat": "123,000 is the stated target of the programme (\"تستهدف\" — targets), not a count of meters actually replaced; neither source reports how many of them were installed.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-2ff047f8bd742319",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "remotely readable, tamper-detecting units",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-3049d1f5e0d6c511",
       "src-afe1b4a7a85683c4"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Roya News carries both properties in one sentence: the meters \"تتميز بدقتها العالية،ويمكن قراءتها عن بعد،إضافة لإمكانية اكتشاف أي عبث أو تلاعب فيها\" — highly accurate, readable remotely, and able to detect any tampering. The Jordan Times quotes Malkawi on the tamper half: \"It is difficult to hack them as they are fitted with a recorder that detects any tampering attempts, thus limiting violations and water loss.\"",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-39be3702b9d6b97d",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "expanded in 2018 with roughly 76,000 Itron Intelis meters plus a three-year data-analytics contract",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-31c5865cf057de3a"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The Itron release of 22 March 2018 is subtitled \"Jordan Water Company (Miyahuna) Signs Three-year Contract for Analytic Services and Additional Itron Static Water Meters\" and states that Miyahuna \"has signed a contract with Al Darb after an international bid to buy 76,000 ultrasonic meters and software as part of Miyahuna's strategic Non-Revenue Water (NRW) reduction plan\", and will \"take advantage of Itron's analytic services for three years to reduce water losses\". The model is named: \"It will install Itron Intelis ultrasonic water meters that do not count air, which is key to address intermittent supply situations.\"",
      "caveat": "Vendor announcement of a signed purchase contract, not confirmation of meters installed; the contract was signed with Itron's local partner Al Darb, and the release reports no delivery or commissioning figures.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-3a837043841a985a",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "By January 2023 Jordan's water minister put the count at about 150,000 converted meters in Amman",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-76734026ccacae47"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Jfra News, 6 January 2023, quotes Water and Irrigation Minister Mohammad Al-Najjar: \"تم التحول إلى العدادات الذكية لـ150 ألف في العاصمة عمّان\" — 150,000 have been converted to smart meters in the capital Amman.",
      "caveat": "A minister's statement to the press; no audit, no breakdown by utility or programme phase, and no reconciliation with the 123,000 target of 2015 or the 76,000 meters bought in 2018.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a0e2fc951622e2dc",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "out of 1.6 million meters nationwide",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-76734026ccacae47"
      ],
      "supportNote": "Same sentence of the minister's statement in Jfra News: \"ولكن يبلغ العدد الإجمالي للعدادات 1.6 مليون في مختلف أنحاء المملكة\" — the total number of meters is 1.6 million across the Kingdom.",
      "caveat": "The 1.6 million is a kingdom-wide meter stock across all water companies, while the 150,000 figure covers Amman only; the two are not a like-for-like ratio.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-ba37fb33437a8ca7",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "called the pace deliberately gradual because each smart meter costs 80-100+ dinars",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Jfra News reports the minister linking cost to pace: \"العداد الذكي يعد مكلف الثمن ويبلغ 80 دينارا ويصل إلى أكثر من 100 دينار في بعض الأحيان، 'نحتاج إلى استثمار كبير، ونقوم بالعملية تباعا'\" — the smart meter is expensive, 80 dinars and sometimes more than 100; we need large investment, and we are carrying out the process step by step.",
      "caveat": "The source says the price reaches more than 100 dinars \"في بعض الأحيان\" (sometimes), not as a standing upper figure.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-fe9e0c5ad53be7b5",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "one of the world's most water-scarce countries",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The IFC release states it almost verbatim: \"Jordan struggles as one of the world's most water-scarce countries. Increasing temperatures due to climate change further reduce water availability for each person, making every drop matter to the country.\"",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-028e1fe0c0eee245",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "in June 2024 the IFC, the government and Miyahuna agreed to develop a separately tendered loss-reduction project covering a third of Amman",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The release is dated \"Amman, Jordan, June 6, 2024\" and names all three parties: \"IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, the Government of Jordan and Amman's water company, Miyahuna, today signed a collaboration agreement\". On the project: \"IFC will work with both entities to co-develop a project that can attract private sector investments in the NRW space. The project will be then tendered competitively to optimize water-management efficiency and reduce water loss substantially across one third of Amman's area.\"",
      "caveat": "At the date of the release this is an agreement to co-develop a project; the tender had not been issued and no contractor, budget or timetable is named.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "About 150,000 smart meters converted in Amman by January 2023 (water-minister figure)",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Jfra News, 6 January 2023, attributes the figure to Water and Irrigation Minister Mohammad Al-Najjar: \"وأضاف الوزير النجار، أنه تم التحول إلى العدادات الذكية لـ150 ألف في العاصمة عمّان\". The entry's own parenthesis marks it as a minister's figure, which is what the source supports.",
      "caveat": "Self-reported by the responsible ministry and never independently audited; the source gives no cut-off date beyond the article's own publication.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "from a December 2015 start of roughly 200 units",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Roya News of 21 December 2015: Miyahuna \"انتهت من تركيب نحو 200 عداد\" — has finished installing about 200 meters — and names the first district: \"أولى مناطق العاصمة التي خضعت لتركيب هذه العدادات ... هي منطقة دابوق حيث تم تركيب نحو 200 عداد\" (Dabouq).",
      "caveat": "The ~200 units are the count at the moment of reporting, days into the rollout, and all in a single district (Dabouq) — a starting snapshot rather than a defined programme phase.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-360b948cd5ff2adf",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Jordan's government targets cutting water losses by 2% a year",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The IFC release states: \"This long-term project is aligned with the World Bank Group's strategy and with the government's target to reduce water loss by 2 percent a year.\"",
      "caveat": "A stated government target, not a measured result; the release reports no baseline loss rate and no progress against the target.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-eda25c587d023efe",
      "field": "impact",
      "text": "the IFC estimates halving losses would supply roughly 500,000 more people",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "Quoted in the release from Hela Cheikhrouhou, IFC Regional Vice President for the Middle East, Central Asia, Türkiye, Afghanistan and Pakistan: \"Cutting water loss by half can supply water for about half a million people in Jordan.\"",
      "caveat": "An executive's statement in a press release, with no published method, baseline or assumption about per-capita consumption; it is also a Jordan-wide figure, while the project it accompanies covers one third of Amman.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
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    ],
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     {
      "id": "src-31c5865cf057de3a",
      "title": "Itron press release (22 March 2018)",
      "url": "https://na.itron.com/na/company/newsroom/2018/03/22/itron-expands-work-in-jordan-to-address-non-revenue-water",
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       "value": "76,000 Intelis ultrasonic meters plus three-year data-analytics services contract (2018 expansion).",
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      "title": "Roya News — 'مياهنا: عدادات مياه ذكية في عمّان' (21 Dec 2015)",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Water minister Mohammad Al-Najjar: ~150,000 smart meters converted in Amman, 1.6M meters kingdom-wide, 80-100+ JOD per unit, gradual investment. Arabic: 'العداد الذكي يعد مكلف الثمن… نقوم بالعملية تباعا'.",
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       "value": "IFC/Government/Miyahuna agreement to develop a competitively tendered NRW-reduction project across one third of Amman; 2%-a-year loss-reduction target; halving losses ≈ water for 500,000 people.",
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   "summary": "Removed or softened wording that no listed source carries, after reading every source while preparing the claim ledger. Roya reports 123,000 as a target rather than as meters already replaced, and the closing inference about the loss gap was the entry's own.",
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Miyahuna, the Jordan Water Company serving Amman and the Zarqa and Madaba governorates",
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      "caveat": "The two sources describe the footprint differently: Itron (2018) names three governorates, while IFC (2024) says Miyahuna \"supplies potable water to over 6 million residents of the Greater Amman region and the neighboring Zarqa, Madaba, and Balqa governorates\" — a fourth governorate the entry does not mention.",
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     {
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      "text": "has been rolling out ultrasonic smart water meters since December 2015",
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      "supportNote": "Roya News, published 21 December 2015, reports that Miyahuna began installing smart meters in the capital days earlier, replacing mechanical meters with ultrasonic ones (\"لاستبدال عدادات المياه الميكانيكية بأخرى التراسونيك\"). The Jordan Times of 18 December 2015 independently dates the start: \"The company started replacing regular water meters with the smart gauges this week.\" That the rollout continued is carried by the later sources (Itron 2018, minister's figure 2023).",
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      "text": "set out to replace 123,000 meters for mid- and high-consumption customers",
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      "supportNote": "Roya News quotes Miyahuna water-services director Mohammad Malkawi: the company \"تستهدف توزيع وتركيب 123 ألف عداد مياه جديد مجانا على مشتركي كافة مناطق العاصمة من ذوي الاستهلاك المتوسط والكبير\" — targets distributing and installing 123,000 new meters free of charge to medium- and large-consumption subscribers across all districts of the capital, defined as more than 49 cubic metres per billing cycle. The Jordan Times gives the same threshold in English: \"subscribers categorised as large water consumers who use 50 cubic metres of water and more per cycle [three months]\".",
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     {
      "id": "clm-2ff047f8bd742319",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "remotely readable, tamper-detecting units",
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      "supportNote": "Roya News carries both properties in one sentence: the meters \"تتميز بدقتها العالية،ويمكن قراءتها عن بعد،إضافة لإمكانية اكتشاف أي عبث أو تلاعب فيها\" — highly accurate, readable remotely, and able to detect any tampering. The Jordan Times quotes Malkawi on the tamper half: \"It is difficult to hack them as they are fitted with a recorder that detects any tampering attempts, thus limiting violations and water loss.\"",
      "caveat": null,
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "expanded in 2018 with roughly 76,000 Itron Intelis meters plus a three-year data-analytics contract",
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      "supportNote": "The Itron release of 22 March 2018 is subtitled \"Jordan Water Company (Miyahuna) Signs Three-year Contract for Analytic Services and Additional Itron Static Water Meters\" and states that Miyahuna \"has signed a contract with Al Darb after an international bid to buy 76,000 ultrasonic meters and software as part of Miyahuna's strategic Non-Revenue Water (NRW) reduction plan\", and will \"take advantage of Itron's analytic services for three years to reduce water losses\". The model is named: \"It will install Itron Intelis ultrasonic water meters that do not count air, which is key to address intermittent supply situations.\"",
      "caveat": "Vendor announcement of a signed purchase contract, not confirmation of meters installed; the contract was signed with Itron's local partner Al Darb, and the release reports no delivery or commissioning figures.",
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      "text": "By January 2023 Jordan's water minister put the count at about 150,000 converted meters in Amman",
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      "supportNote": "Jfra News, 6 January 2023, quotes Water and Irrigation Minister Mohammad Al-Najjar: \"تم التحول إلى العدادات الذكية لـ150 ألف في العاصمة عمّان\" — 150,000 have been converted to smart meters in the capital Amman.",
      "caveat": "A minister's statement to the press; no audit, no breakdown by utility or programme phase, and no reconciliation with the 123,000 target of 2015 or the 76,000 meters bought in 2018.",
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "out of 1.6 million meters nationwide",
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      "supportNote": "Same sentence of the minister's statement in Jfra News: \"ولكن يبلغ العدد الإجمالي للعدادات 1.6 مليون في مختلف أنحاء المملكة\" — the total number of meters is 1.6 million across the Kingdom.",
      "caveat": "The 1.6 million is a kingdom-wide meter stock across all water companies, while the 150,000 figure covers Amman only; the two are not a like-for-like ratio.",
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     {
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "called the pace deliberately gradual because each smart meter costs 80-100+ dinars",
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      "supportNote": "Jfra News reports the minister linking cost to pace: \"العداد الذكي يعد مكلف الثمن ويبلغ 80 دينارا ويصل إلى أكثر من 100 دينار في بعض الأحيان، 'نحتاج إلى استثمار كبير، ونقوم بالعملية تباعا'\" — the smart meter is expensive, 80 dinars and sometimes more than 100; we need large investment, and we are carrying out the process step by step.",
      "caveat": "The source says the price reaches more than 100 dinars \"في بعض الأحيان\" (sometimes), not as a standing upper figure.",
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      "supportNote": "The IFC release states it almost verbatim: \"Jordan struggles as one of the world's most water-scarce countries. Increasing temperatures due to climate change further reduce water availability for each person, making every drop matter to the country.\"",
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      "text": "in June 2024 the IFC, the government and Miyahuna agreed to develop a separately tendered loss-reduction project covering a third of Amman",
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      "text": "About 150,000 smart meters converted in Amman by January 2023 (water-minister figure)",
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      "supportNote": "Jfra News, 6 January 2023, attributes the figure to Water and Irrigation Minister Mohammad Al-Najjar: \"وأضاف الوزير النجار، أنه تم التحول إلى العدادات الذكية لـ150 ألف في العاصمة عمّان\". The entry's own parenthesis marks it as a minister's figure, which is what the source supports.",
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      "text": "from a December 2015 start of roughly 200 units",
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      "supportNote": "Roya News of 21 December 2015: Miyahuna \"انتهت من تركيب نحو 200 عداد\" — has finished installing about 200 meters — and names the first district: \"أولى مناطق العاصمة التي خضعت لتركيب هذه العدادات ... هي منطقة دابوق حيث تم تركيب نحو 200 عداد\" (Dabouq).",
      "caveat": "The ~200 units are the count at the moment of reporting, days into the rollout, and all in a single district (Dabouq) — a starting snapshot rather than a defined programme phase.",
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Jordan's government targets cutting water losses by 2% a year",
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      "supportNote": "The IFC release states: \"This long-term project is aligned with the World Bank Group's strategy and with the government's target to reduce water loss by 2 percent a year.\"",
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "the IFC estimates halving losses would supply roughly 500,000 more people",
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      "supportNote": "Quoted in the release from Hela Cheikhrouhou, IFC Regional Vice President for the Middle East, Central Asia, Türkiye, Afghanistan and Pakistan: \"Cutting water loss by half can supply water for about half a million people in Jordan.\"",
      "caveat": "An executive's statement in a press release, with no published method, baseline or assumption about per-capita consumption; it is also a Jordan-wide figure, while the project it accompanies covers one third of Amman.",
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