{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "amman-brt-ticketing", "title": "Amman Bus Rapid Transit & Open-Loop Ticketing", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/amman-brt-ticketing/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-21-unsourced-text-correction", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-08-21-evidence-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-08-21T23:30:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-08-07", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 13 claims and 4 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:25572121db83b3dd52b07cbb8204bcea9d84a641dd33a13569a3af34faed2342", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-08-07", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:4f2c3f7cb56b5ad8d1cddc86a1fa782514b4e7bb0a3b7060e6f9288b6cdeb550", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "media", "timeline": { "started": 2021, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Amman Vision Investment & Development (AVID), for the Greater Amman Municipality", "actorTypes": [ "utility" ], "fundingModel": "mixed", "fundingDescription": "≈ two-thirds AFD loan, remainder Government of Jordan / GAM", "cost": "≈$250M", "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-e5f2177f834f34e2", "field": "snippet", "text": "Amman's BRT was launched by the Greater Amman Municipality in 2010", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "The project profile opens its history section with \"The BRT project was initiated by the Greater Amman Municipality in 2010.\" — same actor, same year.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a5747c1888f91edd", "field": "snippet", "text": "halted in 2011 after the House of Representatives and the Audit Bureau questioned its feasibility", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ab102903247d2972", "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "Wikipedia carries both the actors and the year: \"Claims by the House of Representatives and the Audit Bureau that the project is unfeasible led the government to halt construction and hire a foreign consultant to review the scheme in 2011.\"", "caveat": "The two sources give different reasons for the same halt: the Arab Urban Development Institute profile attributes it not to a feasibility challenge but to money — \"it was halted in 2011 due to concerns regarding its funding capabilities\" — and names neither the House of Representatives nor the Audit Bureau.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a985f9b7d5ce1ba2", "field": "snippet", "text": "resumed only in 2015 after an outside review", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ab102903247d2972", "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "Wikipedia dates the restart — \"Construction on the project did not resume until 2015, when the House approved its revival.\" — and the preceding sentence names the outside review: the government moved to \"hire a foreign consultant to review the scheme in 2011.\" The Arab Urban Development Institute profile independently dates the restart: \"In 2015, the government recommenced the project\".", "caveat": "Only Wikipedia mentions the foreign consultant; neither source says the review's conclusion was what unblocked the project, so \"after\" here is sequence, not established cause.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6852f1836b674eca", "field": "snippet", "text": "the first two lines opened in 2021 and a third in 2022", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ab102903247d2972" ], "supportNote": "The routes table gives an opening year per line: line 99 (Sweileh ↔ Jordan Museum) 2021, line 100 (Sports City ↔ Mahatta) 2021, line 98 (Sweileh ↔ Tariq) 2022 — two in 2021, one in 2022.", "caveat": "The same article's prose contradicts its own table: \"The first route of the BRT system was inaugurated in July 2021, with the second route was inaugurated in August 2022.\" The Arab Urban Development Institute profile likewise describes only two implemented lines — one launched 2021, one in trial operation from 2022 — and calls a third line \"proposed\". The two-in-2021 reading rests on the table alone.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6fc29caf12f4452d", "field": "snippet", "text": "at a cost of roughly $250 million, about two-thirds financed by the French development agency AFD", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim in the profile: \"The project's overall cost is approximately $250 million, with two-thirds of the funding provided by the French Development Agency (AFD).\"", "caveat": "Neither figure is broken down or dated, and Wikipedia records a smaller, earlier AFD soft loan of $166 million made directly to the Greater Amman Municipality — an earlier stage of the same financing, not a contradiction, but the $250 million is a lifetime total of uncertain vintage.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-bbf33c4da304dab9", "field": "snippet", "text": "run by GAM's Amman Vision Investment & Development (AVID)", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-35b08629294ed6dc" ], "supportNote": "The article names the operator in its opening sentence: the MoU covers \"the fully integrated Amman Bus Rapid Transit, operated by Amman Vision Investment & Development (AVID)\", with the municipality as the signing counterpart, and quotes the Mayor of Amman in his capacity as \"chairman of Amman Vision Transport\" — the link to GAM.", "caveat": "Other sources name a different operator for the same system: the Arab Urban Development Institute profile says \"The project is operated by Royat Amman company\" (an alternative transliteration of Amman Vision), while Wikipedia's infobox lists Gürsel CMTC. The bus-operating contractor and the GAM-owned holding company are not distinguished in any of the four sources.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e6c87c1a95f4075c", "field": "snippet", "text": "on dedicated lanes with Kentkart smart cards", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-35b08629294ed6dc", "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "The Fintech Times names the fare-technology partner: \"The new project is also powered by Network International and Kentkart.\" The Arab Urban Development Institute profile carries the dedicated lanes: the BRT is \"a network of large-capacity, rapid buses that operate on dedicated lanes throughout the city\".", "caveat": "No source calls the Kentkart product a \"smart card\". The closest description is in the Mastercard release, which says electronic payment on Amman Bus was \"previously accepted only through a closed-loop prepaid and rechargeable card\" without naming the vendor; the card and the vendor are joined here, not in any source.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-4c5c4c002a74aedc", "field": "snippet", "text": "in February 2023 open-loop Mastercard payments launched with Network International", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-951a59297d45eeeb" ], "supportNote": "The release, dated 8 February 2023, states that \"Mastercard, a technology leader in the global payments industry, has partnered with the Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) and Network International - Jordan to roll out the first transit payment ecosystem in Jordan, in its capital city Amman\", powered by Mastercard's Payment Gateway Services (MPGS). It marks the break with the previous arrangement, under which \"Electronic payments were previously accepted only through a closed-loop prepaid and rechargeable card.\" mastercard.com returned HTTP 403 to WebFetch and to curl under both a browser and a curl user agent, so no locator could be taken from the page itself; the wording quoted here was confirmed against a verbatim republication of the same release (Payments Afrika, 16 Feb 2023).", "caveat": "The release never uses the term \"open-loop\"; it describes the ecosystem as covering Amman Bus and BRT and contrasts it with the earlier closed-loop card. It also announces a partnership and a rollout rather than a completed go-live on a named date.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c93790e73101faae", "field": "snippet", "text": "Visa signed on weeks later, letting any contactless bank card open the gates", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-35b08629294ed6dc" ], "supportNote": "Published 4 April 2023, roughly eight weeks after the Mastercard announcement: \"Visa has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Municipality of Greater Amman in Jordan to implement secure, contactless payment technology solutions\" on the BRT, so that cardholders \"can use all of their Visa credit and debit cards to pay for travel on Amman Bus Rapid Transit rides\". Visa's own executive describes the mechanism as \"open loop contactless payments\".", "caveat": "The article gives no signing date, only its publication date, so \"weeks later\" is inferred from the two publication dates. No source mentions gates, turnstiles or faregates; \"open the gates\" is a figure of speech here. And an MoU is an intention to implement, not a live acceptance of any bank card.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9423a880396b9c44", "field": "snippet", "text": "billed as Jordan's first transit payment ecosystem", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-951a59297d45eeeb" ], "supportNote": "The claim is attributed rather than asserted, and the release is the party making it: its headline reads \"Mastercard Joins Forces with Greater Amman Municipality and Network International to Launch Jordan's First Transit Payment Ecosystem\", and the body repeats the wording — \"to roll out the first transit payment ecosystem in Jordan\". mastercard.com returned HTTP 403 to WebFetch and to curl under both a browser and a curl user agent, so no locator could be taken from the page itself; the wording quoted here was confirmed against a verbatim republication of the same release (Payments Afrika, 16 Feb 2023).", "caveat": "This is a vendor's own superlative about its own launch; no independent source in the entry's source list tests it.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-118270dbbc101a2e", "field": "impact", "text": "Monthly ridership reached 2.2 million by October 2023 (operator-reported)", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ab102903247d2972" ], "supportNote": "\"In the month of October, 2023, 2.2 million passengers used the Amman Bus and Bus Rapid Transit services according to the Mayor of Amman.\" The attribution to the Mayor is what the entry labels operator-reported; the underlying citation is a Jordan Times report of November 2023.", "caveat": "The figure counts Amman Bus and the BRT together, not the BRT alone, so it overstates BRT ridership by an unknown margin. It is also a single month, not a running rate, and comes from the city rather than an independent count.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6bae5fab415ee080", "field": "impact", "text": "a design capacity of more than 315,000 riders a day cited at the 2023 payment-system launch", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-951a59297d45eeeb", "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "The Mastercard release carries the figure in exactly the forward-looking form the entry describes: \"With plans to carry more than 315,000 passengers per day, Amman's BRT will be the centrepiece of a fully integrated and hierarchical public transport network.\" The Arab Urban Development Institute profile states the same number as a design property: \"It is designed to transport more than 315,000 passengers daily across Amman.\" mastercard.com returned HTTP 403 to WebFetch and to curl under both a browser and a curl user agent, so no locator could be taken from the page itself; the wording quoted here was confirmed against a verbatim republication of the same release (Payments Afrika, 16 Feb 2023). The locator therefore points at the retrievable second source, which carries the identical figure.", "caveat": "Both sources state the figure as a plan or design property; neither reports a measurement, which is what the entry's closing words say.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f0b7068a43cfa784", "field": "lesson", "text": "the 2011 feasibility halt cost ten years", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ab102903247d2972", "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "Both endpoints are sourced: Wikipedia dates the halt — \"Construction work on the BRT system started in 2010, but was halted soon after amid feasibility concerns\" — and its routes table dates the first openings to 2021; the Arab Urban Development Institute profile gives the same span, halt in 2011 and \"The operation of this line was launched in 2021\".", "caveat": "The ten years are our subtraction of the two dated endpoints (2011 halt, 2021 opening); no source states a duration, and construction resumed in 2015, so the lost decade is the gap to service, not to work restarting.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107", "title": "Arab Urban Development Institute — Amman BRT project profile", "url": "https://araburban.org/en/infohub/projects/?id=7674", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "araburban.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-e5f2177f834f34e2", "clm-a5747c1888f91edd", "clm-a985f9b7d5ce1ba2", "clm-6fc29caf12f4452d", "clm-e6c87c1a95f4075c", "clm-6bae5fab415ee080", "clm-f0b7068a43cfa784" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "2010 start, 2011 halt over feasibility/funding concerns, 2015 resumption, ~$250M cost with two-thirds AFD financing, 2021/2022 line openings, 315,000 daily design capacity.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-951a59297d45eeeb", "title": "Mastercard Newsroom (8 Feb 2023)", "url": "https://www.mastercard.com/news/eemea/en/newsroom/press-releases/en/2023/february/mastercard-joins-forces-with-greater-amman-municipality-and-network-international-to-launch-jordan-s-first-transit-payment-ecosystem/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "mastercard.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-4c5c4c002a74aedc", "clm-9423a880396b9c44", "clm-6bae5fab415ee080" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2023-02-08", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Launch of Jordan's first transit payment ecosystem with GAM and Network International, covering Amman Bus (135 buses, 27 routes) and the BRT; 315,000-riders/day design figure.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-35b08629294ed6dc", "title": "The Fintech Times (4 Apr 2023)", "url": "https://thefintechtimes.com/visa-agrees-to-implement-contactless-payment-for-public-transport-in-amman-jordan/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thefintechtimes.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-bbf33c4da304dab9", "clm-e6c87c1a95f4075c", "clm-c93790e73101faae" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2023-04-04", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Visa MoU with GAM for contactless payments on the BRT; names AVID as operator and Network International plus Kentkart as technology partners.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ab102903247d2972", "title": "Wikipedia — Amman Bus Rapid Transit", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman_Bus_Rapid_Transit", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "en.wikipedia.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-a5747c1888f91edd", "clm-a985f9b7d5ce1ba2", "clm-6852f1836b674eca", "clm-118270dbbc101a2e", "clm-f0b7068a43cfa784" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Phased openings (lines 99/100 in 2021, 98 in 2022), 34 stations, monthly ridership of 2.2 million in October 2023, 2010-2015 construction halt after House/Audit Bureau feasibility concerns.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 13, "claimsMapped": 13, "sourcesTotal": 4, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } }, { "id": "2026-08-21-unsourced-text-correction", "createdAt": "2026-08-21T23:53:00Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-08-07", "changeType": "correction", "summary": "Removed or softened wording that no listed source carries, after reading every source while preparing the claim ledger. No listed source mentions QR tickets, a card supplier or gates, and the third line is described as proposed in the prose of the same article that tabulates it.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "replace", "path": "/snapshot/projectFingerprint", "summary": "Updated projectFingerprint to the current sourced project record." }, { "operation": "replace", "path": "/snapshot/claims", "summary": "Updated claims to the current sourced project record." }, { "operation": "replace", "path": "/snapshot/sources", "summary": "Updated sources to the current sourced project record." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:45ec4c7397a9cff0eecb9106c59b230a440969f4aa1df782cf0b519b898e4477", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-08-07", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:f6334236998b499357077bf101fb38c4b6f84733d16715d1a56e8c497a1356e5", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "media", "timeline": { "started": 2021, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Amman Vision Investment & Development (AVID), for the Greater Amman Municipality", "actorTypes": [ "utility" ], "fundingModel": "mixed", "fundingDescription": "≈ two-thirds AFD loan, remainder Government of Jordan / GAM", "cost": "≈$250M", "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-e5f2177f834f34e2", "field": "snippet", "text": "Amman's BRT was launched by the Greater Amman Municipality in 2010", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "The project profile opens its history section with \"The BRT project was initiated by the Greater Amman Municipality in 2010.\" — same actor, same year.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a5747c1888f91edd", "field": "snippet", "text": "halted in 2011 after the House of Representatives and the Audit Bureau questioned its feasibility", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ab102903247d2972", "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "Wikipedia carries both the actors and the year: \"Claims by the House of Representatives and the Audit Bureau that the project is unfeasible led the government to halt construction and hire a foreign consultant to review the scheme in 2011.\"", "caveat": "The two sources give different reasons for the same halt: the Arab Urban Development Institute profile attributes it not to a feasibility challenge but to money — \"it was halted in 2011 due to concerns regarding its funding capabilities\" — and names neither the House of Representatives nor the Audit Bureau.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a985f9b7d5ce1ba2", "field": "snippet", "text": "resumed only in 2015 after an outside review", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ab102903247d2972", "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "Wikipedia dates the restart — \"Construction on the project did not resume until 2015, when the House approved its revival.\" — and the preceding sentence names the outside review: the government moved to \"hire a foreign consultant to review the scheme in 2011.\" The Arab Urban Development Institute profile independently dates the restart: \"In 2015, the government recommenced the project\".", "caveat": "Only Wikipedia mentions the foreign consultant; neither source says the review's conclusion was what unblocked the project, so \"after\" here is sequence, not established cause.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-8d186dddebe1651b", "field": "snippet", "text": "two lines opened in 2021 and 2022", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ab102903247d2972" ], "supportNote": "The routes table gives an opening year per line: line 99 (Sweileh ↔ Jordan Museum) 2021, line 100 (Sports City ↔ Mahatta) 2021, line 98 (Sweileh ↔ Tariq) 2022 — two in 2021, one in 2022.", "caveat": "Wikipedia's line table lists a third line; the prose of the same article and the AUDI profile describe it as proposed. The entry now names only the two lines both sources agree opened.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6fc29caf12f4452d", "field": "snippet", "text": "at a cost of roughly $250 million, about two-thirds financed by the French development agency AFD", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "Verbatim in the profile: \"The project's overall cost is approximately $250 million, with two-thirds of the funding provided by the French Development Agency (AFD).\"", "caveat": "Neither figure is broken down or dated, and Wikipedia records a smaller, earlier AFD soft loan of $166 million made directly to the Greater Amman Municipality — an earlier stage of the same financing, not a contradiction, but the $250 million is a lifetime total of uncertain vintage.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-bbf33c4da304dab9", "field": "snippet", "text": "run by GAM's Amman Vision Investment & Development (AVID)", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-35b08629294ed6dc" ], "supportNote": "The article names the operator in its opening sentence: the MoU covers \"the fully integrated Amman Bus Rapid Transit, operated by Amman Vision Investment & Development (AVID)\", with the municipality as the signing counterpart, and quotes the Mayor of Amman in his capacity as \"chairman of Amman Vision Transport\" — the link to GAM.", "caveat": "Other sources name a different operator for the same system: the Arab Urban Development Institute profile says \"The project is operated by Royat Amman company\" (an alternative transliteration of Amman Vision), while Wikipedia's infobox lists Gürsel CMTC. The bus-operating contractor and the GAM-owned holding company are not distinguished in any of the four sources.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-db2ebd602d70e756", "field": "snippet", "text": "on dedicated lanes with a closed-loop prepaid card", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-35b08629294ed6dc", "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "The Fintech Times names the fare-technology partner: \"The new project is also powered by Network International and Kentkart.\" The Arab Urban Development Institute profile carries the dedicated lanes: the BRT is \"a network of large-capacity, rapid buses that operate on dedicated lanes throughout the city\".", "caveat": "Mastercard describes a 'closed-loop prepaid and rechargeable card' without naming a supplier; the earlier wording named Kentkart smart cards and QR app tickets, neither of which any listed source mentions.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-4c5c4c002a74aedc", "field": "snippet", "text": "in February 2023 open-loop Mastercard payments launched with Network International", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-951a59297d45eeeb" ], "supportNote": "The release, dated 8 February 2023, states that \"Mastercard, a technology leader in the global payments industry, has partnered with the Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) and Network International - Jordan to roll out the first transit payment ecosystem in Jordan, in its capital city Amman\", powered by Mastercard's Payment Gateway Services (MPGS). It marks the break with the previous arrangement, under which \"Electronic payments were previously accepted only through a closed-loop prepaid and rechargeable card.\" mastercard.com returned HTTP 403 to WebFetch and to curl under both a browser and a curl user agent, so no locator could be taken from the page itself; the wording quoted here was confirmed against a verbatim republication of the same release (Payments Afrika, 16 Feb 2023).", "caveat": "The release never uses the term \"open-loop\"; it describes the ecosystem as covering Amman Bus and BRT and contrasts it with the earlier closed-loop card. It also announces a partnership and a rollout rather than a completed go-live on a named date.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a91ebbf99537b93d", "field": "snippet", "text": "Visa signed on weeks later, letting any contactless bank card pay the fare", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-35b08629294ed6dc" ], "supportNote": "Published 4 April 2023, roughly eight weeks after the Mastercard announcement: \"Visa has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Municipality of Greater Amman in Jordan to implement secure, contactless payment technology solutions\" on the BRT, so that cardholders \"can use all of their Visa credit and debit cards to pay for travel on Amman Bus Rapid Transit rides\". Visa's own executive describes the mechanism as \"open loop contactless payments\".", "caveat": "No listed source mentions gates or turnstiles; the entry now says what the sources say — the card pays the fare.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-9423a880396b9c44", "field": "snippet", "text": "billed as Jordan's first transit payment ecosystem", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-951a59297d45eeeb" ], "supportNote": "The claim is attributed rather than asserted, and the release is the party making it: its headline reads \"Mastercard Joins Forces with Greater Amman Municipality and Network International to Launch Jordan's First Transit Payment Ecosystem\", and the body repeats the wording — \"to roll out the first transit payment ecosystem in Jordan\". mastercard.com returned HTTP 403 to WebFetch and to curl under both a browser and a curl user agent, so no locator could be taken from the page itself; the wording quoted here was confirmed against a verbatim republication of the same release (Payments Afrika, 16 Feb 2023).", "caveat": "This is a vendor's own superlative about its own launch; no independent source in the entry's source list tests it.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-118270dbbc101a2e", "field": "impact", "text": "Monthly ridership reached 2.2 million by October 2023 (operator-reported)", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ab102903247d2972" ], "supportNote": "\"In the month of October, 2023, 2.2 million passengers used the Amman Bus and Bus Rapid Transit services according to the Mayor of Amman.\" The attribution to the Mayor is what the entry labels operator-reported; the underlying citation is a Jordan Times report of November 2023.", "caveat": "The figure counts Amman Bus and the BRT together, not the BRT alone, so it overstates BRT ridership by an unknown margin. It is also a single month, not a running rate, and comes from the city rather than an independent count.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6bae5fab415ee080", "field": "impact", "text": "a design capacity of more than 315,000 riders a day cited at the 2023 payment-system launch", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-951a59297d45eeeb", "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "The Mastercard release carries the figure in exactly the forward-looking form the entry describes: \"With plans to carry more than 315,000 passengers per day, Amman's BRT will be the centrepiece of a fully integrated and hierarchical public transport network.\" The Arab Urban Development Institute profile states the same number as a design property: \"It is designed to transport more than 315,000 passengers daily across Amman.\" mastercard.com returned HTTP 403 to WebFetch and to curl under both a browser and a curl user agent, so no locator could be taken from the page itself; the wording quoted here was confirmed against a verbatim republication of the same release (Payments Afrika, 16 Feb 2023). The locator therefore points at the retrievable second source, which carries the identical figure.", "caveat": "Both sources state the figure as a plan or design property; neither reports a measurement, which is what the entry's closing words say.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-f0b7068a43cfa784", "field": "lesson", "text": "the 2011 feasibility halt cost ten years", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-ab102903247d2972", "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107" ], "supportNote": "Both endpoints are sourced: Wikipedia dates the halt — \"Construction work on the BRT system started in 2010, but was halted soon after amid feasibility concerns\" — and its routes table dates the first openings to 2021; the Arab Urban Development Institute profile gives the same span, halt in 2011 and \"The operation of this line was launched in 2021\".", "caveat": "The ten years are our subtraction of the two dated endpoints (2011 halt, 2021 opening); no source states a duration, and construction resumed in 2015, so the lost decade is the gap to service, not to work restarting.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-ddf3db6dd8b78107", "title": "Arab Urban Development Institute — Amman BRT project profile", "url": "https://araburban.org/en/infohub/projects/?id=7674", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "araburban.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-e5f2177f834f34e2", "clm-a5747c1888f91edd", "clm-a985f9b7d5ce1ba2", "clm-6fc29caf12f4452d", "clm-db2ebd602d70e756", "clm-6bae5fab415ee080", "clm-f0b7068a43cfa784" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "2010 start, 2011 halt over feasibility/funding concerns, 2015 resumption, ~$250M cost with two-thirds AFD financing, 2021/2022 line openings, 315,000 daily design capacity.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-951a59297d45eeeb", "title": "Mastercard Newsroom (8 Feb 2023)", "url": "https://www.mastercard.com/news/eemea/en/newsroom/press-releases/en/2023/february/mastercard-joins-forces-with-greater-amman-municipality-and-network-international-to-launch-jordan-s-first-transit-payment-ecosystem/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "mastercard.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-4c5c4c002a74aedc", "clm-9423a880396b9c44", "clm-6bae5fab415ee080" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2023-02-08", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Launch of Jordan's first transit payment ecosystem with GAM and Network International, covering Amman Bus (135 buses, 27 routes) and the BRT; 315,000-riders/day design figure.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-35b08629294ed6dc", "title": "The Fintech Times (4 Apr 2023)", "url": "https://thefintechtimes.com/visa-agrees-to-implement-contactless-payment-for-public-transport-in-amman-jordan/", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "thefintechtimes.com", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-bbf33c4da304dab9", "clm-db2ebd602d70e756", "clm-a91ebbf99537b93d" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2023-04-04", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Visa MoU with GAM for contactless payments on the BRT; names AVID as operator and Network International plus Kentkart as technology partners.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-ab102903247d2972", "title": "Wikipedia — Amman Bus Rapid Transit", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman_Bus_Rapid_Transit", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "en.wikipedia.org", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-a5747c1888f91edd", "clm-a985f9b7d5ce1ba2", "clm-8d186dddebe1651b", "clm-118270dbbc101a2e", "clm-f0b7068a43cfa784" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-07", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-21", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Phased openings (lines 99/100 in 2021, 98 in 2022), 34 stations, monthly ridership of 2.2 million in October 2023, 2010-2015 construction halt after House/Audit Bureau feasibility concerns.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 13, "claimsMapped": 13, "sourcesTotal": 4, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 4, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 2, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }