{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "alba-iulia-velocity-bikeshare", "title": "Alba Iulia VeloCity: City-Bought Bike-Share Run by Nextbike", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/alba-iulia-velocity-bikeshare/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-11-05-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-11-05-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-11-05T15:30:46Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-11-05", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 18 claims and 7 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:2b9ea0670226c744aa8f8a4fb9e711ddaf02d67399480ef3c15d08ce50e5d881", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-11-05", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:fcec39b037d21e8b70ef99d67f3d50ef51c005503742f2ff82b03a738c106827", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2026, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Scope Systems – Next Bike SRL association, under a four-year operating contract with the City of Alba Iulia; the system's GBFS feed names SC NEXT BIKE SRL as operator", "actorTypes": [ "city-government", "private" ], "fundingModel": "mixed", "fundingDescription": "Bikes and stations bought by the City of Alba Iulia with European funds within its urban mobility projects; operation, intervention and repairs under a four-year contract awarded by the city.", "cost": "Electric bikes contract: 6.07 million lei incl. VAT (Jan 2024, also covering other works on the mobility route); operating contract: 5,566,414.96 lei excl. VAT over 4 years", "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-2b7dd8b949c9eb62", "field": "snippet", "text": "in service since 16 March 2026", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-182a1df24f0c63d0" ], "supportNote": "The report states that the bike-sharing system became operational in Alba Iulia on Monday, 16 March 2026.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-8a35bc59141b6448", "field": "snippet", "text": "The city hall bought the bikes and stations with European funds through its urban mobility projects", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dbce7f75494e29f7" ], "supportNote": "The report says the smart bikes were bought by the city hall in urban mobility projects financed with European funds.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ddd8819709e22594", "field": "snippet", "text": "240 smart electric bikes at 12 grid-connected stations and 60 smart mechanical bikes at 6 energy-independent stations", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-59586ae9d269b467" ], "supportNote": "The report lists 6 energy-independent and 12 grid-connected stations and, under the city's regulation, 60 mechanical and 240 electric smart bikes.", "caveat": "An earlier report, from September 2024, counted 70 mechanical bikes bought in 2023; the city's regulation and the operating tender give 60.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-ebce0e1392bee6e0", "field": "snippet", "text": "Riders register in the Nextbike app and unlock a bike by scanning its QR code", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dbce7f75494e29f7" ], "supportNote": "The report says rental runs through the dedicated NextBike app on a mobile phone, by scanning a QR code.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-eb6db5a98f211bf9", "field": "snippet", "text": "each bike carries an on-board computer", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-62a917328fade568" ], "supportNote": "The report describes the system's smart bikes as fitted with an on-board computer, run from an operating centre with integrated management and communications software.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-8f943cd7a0053188", "field": "snippet", "text": "the operator publishes a live GBFS feed of stations and bikes under a CC0 licence", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-543a7360cae518a0" ], "supportNote": "The system information feed is part of a GBFS feed set for Alba Iulia Velocity and states the CC0-1.0 licence; companion feeds carry station information and status and free bikes.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a93e590ba2a60039", "field": "snippet", "text": "a four-year contract worth 5,566,414.96 lei without VAT, won by the Scope Systems – Next Bike SRL association, the only bidder", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dbce7f75494e29f7" ], "supportNote": "The report states that the tender for operation, intervention and repair services was won by the Scope Systems – Next Bike SRL association, the only bidder, for 5,566,414.96 lei without VAT over 4 years.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-0f8267c55bef4756", "field": "snippet", "text": "Operation, intervention and repairs run under", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-dbce7f75494e29f7" ], "supportNote": "The contract covers operation, intervention and repair services for the system.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-59f572823682c69c", "field": "snippet", "text": "The bikes reached the streets about two years later than the deadlines in the financing contract", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-62a917328fade568" ], "supportNote": "The outlet says the authorities postponed placing the bikes in the city by about two years against the deadlines in the financing contract.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-3728bbdec3efbc66", "field": "impact", "text": "at about 2.30 pm on Friday 29 May, only 10 mechanical bikes were available across the city", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-81e96b9340756053" ], "supportNote": "The local daily reports its own check of the app: about 2.30 pm on Friday 29 May, only 10 mechanical bikes available in the whole city.", "caveat": "A single reading at one moment; the source gives no count for electric bikes at that time.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-40a68656b261719a", "field": "impact", "text": "Three months after launch, the local daily alba24.ro found very few bikes on offer in the Nextbike app", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-81e96b9340756053" ], "supportNote": "The report says that three months after launch very few bikes appear as available in the Nextbike app at all points in the city.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-fd86badd160ee9e2", "field": "impact", "text": "The city manager said around 100–120 bikes should be available each day", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-81e96b9340756053" ], "supportNote": "City manager Lucian Morgovan told the daily that around 100–120 bikes should be available daily.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e821cfba7a121db9", "field": "impact", "text": "pointed to vandalism and breakdowns; damaged bikes are withdrawn until they are repaired", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-81e96b9340756053" ], "supportNote": "The city manager cites vandalism and defects; vandalised and faulty bikes are taken out of service to await repair.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-846182ab7c177aa0", "field": "impact", "text": "because not every station charges electric bikes, city hall staff have to take them to be charged", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-81e96b9340756053" ], "supportNote": "The report says not every station where bikes are left is a charging station, so city hall representatives have to take electric bikes to the charging stations.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6021862f2ae738dc", "field": "lesson", "text": "The stations were mounted in the first half of 2025, the bikes sat in a city depot, and for nearly a year the city failed to award the maintenance contract it needed to accept the equipment", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-59586ae9d269b467" ], "supportNote": "The October 2025 report says the stations were mounted in the first half of the year, the bikes were in a city depot, and for nearly a year the city could not award a maintenance contract; the mayor says it was required for final acceptance.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-51174e28e733404b", "field": "lesson", "text": "the mayor said the procurement agency ANAP told the city to split that contract in two", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-59586ae9d269b467" ], "supportNote": "Mayor Gabriel Pleșa states that ANAP told the city to split the contract in two.", "caveat": "This is the mayor's account; the source carries no statement from ANAP.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-6b139ffdee879f03", "field": "lesson", "text": "A launch promised for autumn 2024 slipped to March 2026", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f05ea0a7ba584fa3", "src-182a1df24f0c63d0" ], "supportNote": "In September 2024 the system was in testing with public launch expected in about a month and use promised from that autumn; it went into service on 16 March 2026.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e16f0a2218254450", "field": "lesson", "text": "the first months show that rebalancing, charging and repair decide how many bikes a rider actually finds", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-81e96b9340756053" ], "supportNote": "The availability report ties the shortage to withdrawn vandalised or faulty bikes and to electric bikes that have to be carried to charging stations.", "caveat": "This is our reading of one press report; no operator figures on availability or repairs are published.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-f05ea0a7ba584fa3", "title": "Alba24 — Cum vor putea fi închiriate biciclete electrice la Alba Iulia. Sistemul de bike sharing, în teste (4 Sep 2024)", "url": "https://alba24.ro/video-cum-vor-putea-fi-inchiriate-biciclete-electrice-la-alba-iulia-sistemul-de-bike-sharing-in-teste-1044690.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-6b139ffdee879f03" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2024-09-04", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Local daily on the system in testing along the urban mobility route, with public launch promised in about a month. It says the contract for the electric bikes was signed in January 2024 with Scope Systems SRL for 6.07 million lei including VAT, a sum that also covered other works on the mobility route, and that a bike is unlocked by scanning its QR code with the app.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-59586ae9d269b467", "title": "Alba24 — De ce nu funcționează la Alba Iulia mult promisul sistem de bike-sharing (16 Oct 2025)", "url": "https://alba24.ro/video-de-ce-nu-functioneaza-la-alba-iulia-mult-promisul-sistem-de-bike-sharing-primarul-plesa-arata-cu-degetul-catre-anaf-1103303.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-ddd8819709e22594", "clm-6021862f2ae738dc", "clm-51174e28e733404b" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-10-16", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report on why the system was still not running in October 2025: the stations had been mounted in the first half of the year, the bikes sat in a city depot, and for nearly a year the city had failed to award a maintenance contract. Mayor Gabriel Pleșa says the contract was needed for final acceptance and that the procurement agency ANAP told the city to split it in two. Lists 6 energy-independent and 12 grid-connected stations, with 60 mechanical and 240 electric smart bikes under the city's regulation.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-dbce7f75494e29f7", "title": "Alba24 — Bicicletele smart din Alba Iulia vor fi disponibile din această primăvară (4 Mar 2026)", "url": "https://alba24.ro/foto-bicicletele-smart-din-alba-iulia-vor-fi-disponibile-pentru-localnici-si-turisti-din-aceasta-primavara-cum-pot-fi-folosite-1122941.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-8a35bc59141b6448", "clm-ebce0e1392bee6e0", "clm-a93e590ba2a60039", "clm-0f8267c55bef4756" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-04", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Announcement that the 300 smart bikes, bought by the city hall in EU-funded urban mobility projects, would come into use in spring 2026. States that the tender for operation, intervention and repair services for Alba Iulia VeloCity was won by the Scope Systems – Next Bike SRL association, the only bidder, for 5,566,414.96 lei without VAT over 4 years, and that rental runs through the NextBike app by scanning a QR code.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-62a917328fade568", "title": "G4Media — Sistemul de bike sharing va funcţiona în Alba Iulia, cu doi ani mai târziu decât prevedea proiectul inițial (4 Mar 2026)", "url": "https://www.g4media.ro/sistemul-de-bike-sharing-va-functiona-in-alba-iulia-din-15-martie-cu-doi-ani-mai-tarziu-decat-prevedea-proiectul-initial.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "g4media.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-eb6db5a98f211bf9", "clm-59f572823682c69c" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-04", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "National outlet, citing Agerpres, on the launch of 240 electric and 60 mechanical smart bikes bought with European funds. It says the authorities delayed putting the bikes in the city by about two years against the deadlines in the financing contract, and that the system includes smart bikes with an on-board computer and an operating centre with integrated management and communications software.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-182a1df24f0c63d0", "title": "Alba24 — Cum poți închiria o bicicletă electrică la Alba Iulia: sistemul cu aplicația Nextbike (16 Mar 2026)", "url": "https://alba24.ro/video-cum-poti-inchiria-o-bicicleta-electrica-la-alba-iulia-cum-functioneaza-sistemul-cu-aplicatia-nextbike-si-cat-costa-1125410.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-2b7dd8b949c9eb62", "clm-6b139ffdee879f03" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-03-16", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report on the day the system went into service, Monday 16 March 2026: riders register in the Nextbike app with a phone number and a bank card, see on the app's map where bikes can be taken and left, and may park only at designated places. The first hour is free; bikes can be used from 06:00 to 23:00.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-81e96b9340756053", "title": "Alba24 — Foarte puține biciclete de închiriat zilnic în Alba Iulia (29 May 2026)", "url": "https://alba24.ro/foarte-putine-biciclete-de-inchiriat-zilnic-in-alba-iulia-parte-din-ele-vandalizate-sau-defecte-ce-spun-reprezentantii-primariei-1140007.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-3728bbdec3efbc66", "clm-40a68656b261719a", "clm-fd86badd160ee9e2", "clm-e821cfba7a121db9", "clm-846182ab7c177aa0", "clm-e16f0a2218254450" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-05-29", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The local daily's own check of the Nextbike app three months after launch: at about 2.30 pm on Friday 29 May, only 10 mechanical bikes were available across the city. The city manager says around 100–120 bikes should be available daily, cites vandalism and breakdowns, and explains that electric bikes left at stations without charging have to be taken to charging stations by city hall staff.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-543a7360cae518a0", "title": "nextbike — Alba Iulia Velocity GBFS system information feed", "url": "https://gbfs.nextbike.net/maps/gbfs/v2/nextbike_ai/en/system_information.json", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "gbfs.nextbike.net", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-8f943cd7a0053188" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": null, "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "record-date-only" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The operator's live General Bikeshare Feed Specification (GBFS) feed for the system, which names it Alba Iulia Velocity, gives SC NEXT BIKE SRL as operator and publishes the data under the CC0-1.0 licence; companion feeds list station locations and capacities, station status and available bikes.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 18, "claimsMapped": 18, "sourcesTotal": 7, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 7, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 6, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }