{ "schemaVersion": "1.0.0", "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0", "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.", "entity": { "type": "project", "id": "alba-iulia-paid-parking", "title": "Alba Iulia Paid Parking: App Payments and the Plate-Scanning Car", "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/alba-iulia-paid-parking/" }, "currentRevisionId": "2026-11-05-baseline", "revisions": [ { "id": "2026-11-05-baseline", "createdAt": "2026-11-05T15:30:46Z", "effectiveAt": "2026-11-05", "changeType": "baseline", "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 18 claims and 7 source dossiers.", "preparedBy": { "type": "automation", "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation", "humanApproved": false }, "review": { "status": "unreviewed", "by": null, "date": null, "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither." }, "changes": [ { "operation": "add", "path": "/evidencePassport", "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers." }, { "operation": "add", "path": "/revisionHistory", "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision." } ], "snapshotHash": "sha256:5bda81e6fa6b152c30b16228977fb6128706b753383eff5547a8cb03b66d6a43", "snapshot": { "asOf": "2026-11-05", "projectFingerprint": "sha256:1250e9059bada5b0b26e47f45b24d47c656e3824729faeba06bccfc3e8118932", "assurance": { "status": "unreviewed", "scope": "evidence-passport-revision", "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.", "machineChecks": [ "schema", "publication-diff-contract", "material-project-fingerprint", "claim-text-drift", "source-reference-resolution", "complete-source-dossier", "snapshot-hash" ] }, "projectState": { "status": "live", "outcome": "ongoing", "evidenceGrade": "official", "timeline": { "started": 2021, "ended": null } }, "governance": { "operator": "Alba Iulia City Hall (Primăria Municipiului Alba Iulia) and its Directorate for the Maintenance and Administration of Public and Private Property; payments also through the TPark app", "actorTypes": [ "city-government", "private" ], "fundingModel": "public", "fundingDescription": "City of Alba Iulia: the scan system was bought by the city hall's public-domain directorate for more than 430,000 lei.", "cost": "Scan-car system: more than 430,000 lei", "ownership": null, "decisionRights": null, "exitConditions": null }, "claims": [ { "id": "clm-80ebbbfde422e2f6", "field": "snippet", "text": "Alba Iulia has charged for its public parking spaces since 18 January 2021", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-d924034d767178e8" ], "supportNote": "The report says the paid public parking system officially came into force on 18 January.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-743e38d637526e0d", "field": "snippet", "text": "A red zone covers the Alba Carolina citadel and its surroundings and a blue zone the rest of the city's paid spaces", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-891a5038da02a2a0" ], "supportNote": "Under the July 2025 rules, Zone 0 (red) covers all car parks inside the Alba Carolina citadel and those adjacent to its sides, and Zone 1 (blue) all other paid spaces.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-852b9cd263aa0917", "field": "snippet", "text": "drivers pay by app, by SMS, online or with a ticket", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-891a5038da02a2a0" ], "supportNote": "The report lists SMS, the online platform, the app and paper tickets as payment channels.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-814a2925b3d38c0a", "field": "snippet", "text": "From September 2026 a city-owned electric car fitted with plate-reading cameras scans the public spaces it passes", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-9951adacf8cc0513", "src-8c69f4389d8b5519" ], "supportNote": "The tender describes a monitoring system on an electric car owned by the city that reads all plates it passes; the September 2026 notice says scanning happens automatically as the car passes the spaces and that the system went into operation that month.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-2bb6f86df85698df", "field": "snippet", "text": "A few minutes after each scan the system checks the plate against the payment database, including payments made in the TPark app and parking subscriptions", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6ce349a6314cf2d9" ], "supportNote": "The city says the system checks, a few minutes after scanning, whether the parking fee was paid, including through the TPark app, or whether the car has a subscription; the delay gives drivers time to pay.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-c222400cf6b2e895", "field": "snippet", "text": "where nothing is found it completes the fine automatically and sends it to the owner by post", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6ce349a6314cf2d9" ], "supportNote": "The city says that if a car has not paid, the system issues and fills in the penalty report automatically and the fine is sent by post to the owner.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-e6472402b7056286", "field": "snippet", "text": "Residential spaces are excluded", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8c69f4389d8b5519" ], "supportNote": "The notice says the car is set to recognise and scan only public parking spaces, not residential ones.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-873ca5356b91650e", "field": "snippet", "text": "A 2018 pilot that put 50 wireless sensors in the asphalt", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-22d3b4c17db1af2f" ], "supportNote": "The April 2018 report describes 50 wireless inductive sensors mounted in the asphalt under the Alba Iulia Smart City 2018 pilot, about to be activated.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-4d86fdf45b826c5c", "field": "snippet", "text": "is not among the projects the city hall listed in December 2025 as still working", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-f535d4cfc1f49f2b" ], "supportNote": "The city hall's freedom-of-information answer lists the smart-city projects still functional at the end of 2025 (smart lighting, local products platform, paediatric assistance, Wi-Fi, energy monitoring and others); parking sensors do not appear.", "caveat": "The list names projects still working; it does not state when or why the parking sensors stopped.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-412746205c476ee6", "field": "impact", "text": "depending on zone and time of day, only about 50–70% of users pay for parking", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6ce349a6314cf2d9" ], "supportNote": "The city's announcement states that, depending on zone and time, only about 50–70% of users pay the parking fee.", "caveat": "This is the city's own estimate; the sources do not say how it was measured.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-587d9b2bb3c0f439", "field": "impact", "text": "After tests with warnings only, fines began on 23 September 2026", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8c69f4389d8b5519" ], "supportNote": "The notice says the test period ended, warnings were issued from 17 September and fines applied from Wednesday 23 September.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-d1bb97d1311f573b", "field": "impact", "text": "from 16 September 2025, an hour in the citadel zone had risen from 2 to 5 lei", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-891a5038da02a2a0" ], "supportNote": "The July 2025 report says the new tariffs apply from 16 September, with one hour in Zone 0 rising from 2 to 5 lei.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-5d342a62af68195d", "field": "lesson", "text": "The 2018 pilot's sensors reported whether a space was free or taken", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-22d3b4c17db1af2f" ], "supportNote": "The pilot's sensors detected free or occupied spaces as well as cars in forbidden places.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-98716d1f4533a1b4", "field": "lesson", "text": "the scan car answers a different question, whether a parked car has paid, against a database that app, SMS and subscription payments already fill", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6ce349a6314cf2d9" ], "supportNote": "The city describes the car checking each scanned plate against the database of payments and subscriptions.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-83e6ac9357354448", "field": "lesson", "text": "The city presents the car as fairness rather than revenue", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8c69f4389d8b5519" ], "supportNote": "The city hall says the aim is not to issue as many fines as possible but to make everyone follow the same rules.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-07e9b0368408d5be", "field": "lesson", "text": "its 2025 tender listed maximising the revenue collected among the aims", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-9951adacf8cc0513" ], "supportNote": "The October 2025 tender report says the city wants to improve the management of parking payments to maximise revenue collected.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-71c023439fa157f2", "field": "lesson", "text": "Its own estimate that only about 50–70% of users pay", "statementKind": "quantitative", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-6ce349a6314cf2d9" ], "supportNote": "The city's own estimate of the share of users who pay.", "caveat": null, "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } }, { "id": "clm-a33eff5e47f69ee6", "field": "lesson", "text": "no figure since the fines began has yet been published", "statementKind": "descriptive", "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record", "mappingStatus": "mapped", "sourceRefs": [ "src-8c69f4389d8b5519" ], "supportNote": "The latest source read, the city's September 2026 notice, predates any results; no later figure on payment rates or fines was found in searches up to 5 November 2026.", "caveat": "An absence as of 5 November 2026; a later figure may exist.", "interpretation": { "added": false, "interpolation": false, "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion." } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-d924034d767178e8", "title": "Alba24 — De astăzi: sistemul de parcare cu plată a intrat în vigoare la Alba Iulia", "url": "https://alba24.ro/de-astazi-sistemul-de-parcare-cu-plata-a-intrat-in-vigoare-la-alba-iulia-care-sunt-tarifele-si-amenzile-cum-se-platesc-821549.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-80ebbbfde422e2f6" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2021-01-18", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report that paid public parking came into force in Alba Iulia on 18 January 2021, with two weeks of warnings before fines; payment through the TPark app (SMS, card or subscription) or scratch tickets, and residential spaces excluded.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-891a5038da02a2a0", "title": "Alba24 — Noile tarife de parcare la Alba Iulia (council decision of July 2025)", "url": "https://alba24.ro/noile-tarife-de-parcare-la-alba-iulia-cand-vor-fi-aplicate-si-cat-se-va-plati-pentru-stationarea-masinilor-pe-zone-1092250.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-743e38d637526e0d", "clm-852b9cd263aa0917", "clm-d1bb97d1311f573b" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-07-27", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The tariffs approved by the local council in July 2025, applied from 16 September: Zone 0 (red) covers all parking inside and around the Alba Carolina citadel, Zone 1 (blue) the rest of the city's paid spaces; an hour in Zone 0 rises from 2 to 5 lei. Payment by SMS, online platform, app or ticket.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-9951adacf8cc0513", "title": "Alba24 — Șoferii care parchează fără să plătească, identificați cu o mașină „polițist” (tender)", "url": "https://alba24.ro/soferii-care-parcheaza-in-alba-iulia-fara-sa-plateasca-identificati-cu-ajutorul-unei-masini-politist-cum-va-functiona-sistemul-1101174.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-814a2925b3d38c0a", "clm-07e9b0368408d5be" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-10-01", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report on the city's tender of 1 October 2025 for a mobile plate-recognition system mounted on a city-owned electric car, estimated at 429,707.2 lei without VAT. The city lists better management of parking payments, to maximise the revenue collected, among its aims.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-6ce349a6314cf2d9", "title": "Alba24 — O „mașină-polițist”, în teste pe străzile din Alba Iulia", "url": "https://alba24.ro/o-masina-politist-in-teste-pe-strazile-din-alba-iulia-vaneaza-soferii-care-nu-au-platit-parcarea-1155967.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-2bb6f86df85698df", "clm-c222400cf6b2e895", "clm-412746205c476ee6", "clm-98716d1f4533a1b4", "clm-71c023439fa157f2" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-09-01", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The city's announcement of real-world tests of the scan car, with warnings only. It describes the delayed check of scanned plates against the payment database, including TPark payments and subscriptions, the automatically completed fine sent by post, and the city's estimate that only about 50–70% of users pay, depending on zone and time.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-8c69f4389d8b5519", "title": "Alba24 — „Mașina-polițist” începe să dea amenzi în Alba Iulia", "url": "https://alba24.ro/masina-politist-incepe-sa-dea-amenzi-in-alba-iulia-soferii-care-nu-platesc-parcarile-vor-fi-depistati-si-sanctionati-1158165.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-814a2925b3d38c0a", "clm-e6472402b7056286", "clm-587d9b2bb3c0f439", "clm-83e6ac9357354448", "clm-a33eff5e47f69ee6" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2026-09-16", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "The city's notice that testing had ended: from 17 September the system would identify unpaid cars and issue warnings, and from Wednesday 23 September fines. The car scans only public spaces, not residential ones; the system cost more than 430,000 lei.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-22d3b4c17db1af2f", "title": "Alba24 — Se activează prima parcare „smart” din Alba Iulia (sensor pilot)", "url": "https://alba24.ro/foto-se-activeaza-prima-parcare-smart-din-alba-iulia-in-capatul-bulevardului-transilvaniei-644534.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-873ca5356b91650e", "clm-5d342a62af68195d" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2018-04-15", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Report on the activation of the first 'smart' parking area under the Alba Iulia Smart City 2018 pilot: 50 wireless inductive sensors in the asphalt detecting free or occupied spaces and cars in forbidden places, with Parking Plus software; the companies proposing pilot solutions bore the costs.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } }, { "id": "src-f535d4cfc1f49f2b", "title": "Alba24 — Digitalizare pe hârtie: ce a mai rămas din „Alba Iulia smart city”", "url": "https://alba24.ro/video-ce-a-mai-ramas-din-alba-iulia-smart-city-ce-s-a-intamplat-cu-solutiile-digitale-care-au-fost-implementate-in-oras-1112138.html", "publisher": { "name": null, "domain": "alba24.ro", "classification": "not-classified" }, "sourceType": "web-page", "language": "und", "role": "claim-evidence", "claimRefs": [ "clm-4d86fdf45b826c5c" ], "temporal": { "publishedAt": "2025-12-17", "updatedAt": null, "sourceCheckedAt": null, "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-11-05", "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-11-05", "retrievedAt": null, "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded" }, "locator": { "type": "descriptive-source-note", "value": "Review of the 2016–2019 smart-city pilots based on a freedom-of-information answer from the city hall, which lists the pilot projects still working at the end of 2025; parking sensors are not among them.", "exact": false }, "preservation": { "archiveUrl": null, "archivedAt": null, "contentHash": null, "status": "not-captured" } } ], "coverage": { "claimsTotal": 18, "claimsMapped": 18, "sourcesTotal": 7, "sourcesUsedByClaims": 7, "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 7, "sourcesWithArchive": 0, "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0, "sourcesWithContentHash": 0 }, "limits": [ "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.", "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.", "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.", "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim." ] } } ] }