{
 "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
 "constitutionVersion": "1.0.0",
 "createdAt": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
 "entity": {
  "type": "project",
  "id": "ahmedabad-janmarg-brts",
  "title": "Janmarg BRTS: Fleet Telematics and Smartcard Fares",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://1001smartcities.org/projects/ahmedabad-janmarg-brts/"
 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
 "revisions": [
  {
   "id": "2026-08-22-evidence-baseline",
   "createdAt": "2026-08-22T21:08:00Z",
   "effectiveAt": "2026-08-06",
   "changeType": "baseline",
   "summary": "Created the first structured Evidence Passport with 13 claims and 6 source dossiers.",
   "preparedBy": {
    "type": "automation",
    "label": "AI-assisted evidence preparation",
    "humanApproved": false
   },
   "review": {
    "status": "unreviewed",
    "by": null,
    "date": null,
    "note": "Awaiting operator and domain-expert review; publication of this revision implies neither."
   },
   "changes": [
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/evidencePassport",
     "summary": "Added claim-level evidence mapping and source dossiers."
    },
    {
     "operation": "add",
     "path": "/revisionHistory",
     "summary": "Established a permanent, hash-addressed baseline revision."
    }
   ],
   "snapshotHash": "sha256:e1d01c5de7d13072379f14b9c0cee251df5059062cfe5d43e76fd0ac18db28c0",
   "snapshot": {
    "asOf": "2026-08-06",
    "projectFingerprint": "sha256:0a21e853093f3e61c162507db0d644ba6bf9bae82179bc0e18e7d91d05652859",
    "assurance": {
     "status": "unreviewed",
     "scope": "evidence-passport-revision",
     "statement": "AI-assisted structural preparation. This revision has not been reviewed by a human or subject-matter expert.",
     "machineChecks": [
      "schema",
      "publication-diff-contract",
      "material-project-fingerprint",
      "claim-text-drift",
      "source-reference-resolution",
      "complete-source-dossier",
      "snapshot-hash"
     ]
    },
    "projectState": {
     "status": "live",
     "outcome": "ongoing",
     "evidenceGrade": "official",
     "timeline": {
      "started": 2009,
      "ended": null
     }
    },
    "governance": {
     "operator": "Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited (AJL), a wholly owned company of the Amdavad Municipal Corporation; transit ITMS run by SCADL",
     "actorTypes": [
      "city-government"
     ],
     "fundingModel": "public",
     "fundingDescription": null,
     "cost": "₹186 crore for the Integrated Transit Management System covering BRTS and AMTS (SCADL's own figure)",
     "ownership": null,
     "decisionRights": null,
     "exitConditions": null
    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-722a616e304b2341",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "an on-board location and communications unit plus driver console on 139 buses",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c97cbb058fd4cbcd"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The supplier's case study lists the delivered scope of the fleet-management system: 'FMS on-board equipment for 139 buses: - On-board location and communications unit - Driver console'. The count and the two devices come from that list.",
      "caveat": "The figure describes what the supplier delivered, not the fleet in service today. The case study carries no date of its own and refers to an award won in December 2011, and the operator's own material has since described a considerably larger fleet.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-79e86d38a3345a3e",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "127 passenger information displays at stations",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c97cbb058fd4cbcd"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The same delivery list reads: 'Passenger information system: - 127 information displays at stations - Information displays and public address communication on buses'.",
      "caveat": "This is the supplier's count of what it installed, on an undated case study. No source in the entry states how many displays are in place now.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-c62a61aa210b87d3",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "validators at 150 stations",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c97cbb058fd4cbcd"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The delivery list reads: 'Ticketing system at BRTS stations: - 150 stations equipped with validators for access control - Ticket offices (POS) for the sale of tickets and transport cards'.",
      "caveat": "Again a supplier count from an undated document. The press release listed further down this entry describes 178 stations in 2022, so the number has moved since delivery.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-92b1e0ed824ef477",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a fleet-management and ticketing control centre",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c97cbb058fd4cbcd"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The delivery list closes with 'FMS and ticketing control center'. The case study adds that the control centre 'performs Real-Time Monitoring functions of the information generated in the OBUs that help the controller in making traffic regulation decisions for the BRT service'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-c351918874130f24",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, a wholly owned company of the municipal corporation",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c0532443f056ebbb",
       "src-07882ec23de6f2f8"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The company boilerplate in the press release states: 'Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd is registered under Companies Act, 1956 and is 100 per cent subsidiary of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation.' The operator's own site says the same more briefly in the banner on every page: the system 'is operated by Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, a subsidiary of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation'. The supplier's case study calls AJL 'an instrumental company of the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation'.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-51fdc6604772706f",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "says it was the first Indian bus operator to replace paper tickets with contactless smartcards, in January 2012",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c0532443f056ebbb",
       "src-c97cbb058fd4cbcd"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's own page states it in exactly these terms: 'In January 2012, the Ahmedabad BRTS became the first bus system in India to replace paper tickets with contactless smartcards.' The supplier's case study carries the same claim as a quotation from the operator's general manager.",
      "caveat": "Both sources trace back to the operator, so the passage reports a claim rather than a checked fact. The version quoted in the supplier's case study is narrower and undated: 'With the launch of the Smart Card System in Ahmedabad BRTS, we are the first in India to introduce a Smart Card System in bus services'.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-b58a5685022d03dd",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "A public portal today plots live bus positions on a map with predicted arrival times",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-e99a05870677f6d9"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator runs a public arrival-time portal at ahmedabadbrts.org/eta/, listed in search results under the title 'ETA | Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited'. The portal did not answer when this was checked, so no wording could be taken from it and no locator string is given here.",
      "caveat": "The portal did not respond when this was checked, so the map, the predicted times and the operator named in its licence notice could not be re-read at source.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-fbb363bd0ab4ff1a",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "the ₹186 crore Integrated Transit Management System now covers the BRTS and the AMTS city bus fleet on one backbone",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-d4a61146334efca8"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The city's smart-city company describes the project in these words: 'Integrated Transit Management System (ITMS) is a project with a total cost of 186 crores providing a common IT Backbone for real-time monitoring of both BRTS (Bus Rapid Transport System) and AMTS fleets for Public Transport'.",
      "caveat": "The cost is the operating body's own figure and is not broken down. The same page heads the section 'Intelligent Traffic Management System' while the text beneath calls it the Integrated Transit Management System. What the backbone is said to carry is real-time monitoring: the page's separate fare-collection entry still describes a single card under the national standard as 'proposed'.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a2da102a38e961f8",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Signal priority for the buses was demonstrated on the corridor in 2022",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-07882ec23de6f2f8"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The release reports that 'In January 2022, Zero-Sum ITS Solutions India Private Limited, with approval from Ahmedabad Janmarg Ltd ... conducted a demonstration experiment showcasing a public transportation vehicle priority system' in which a bus 'communicates with traffic signals at the intersections' so that the signal turns green as it approaches. It reports average waiting time at the junction falling from 33.1 seconds without the system to 4.5 seconds with it.",
      "caveat": "The account comes from the company that supplied the equipment and was distributed as a press release. It covers one junction, Panjrapool, during a trial, and the measured figures are the supplier's own.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-5da940ddc38ab005",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "no source confirms it in regular service",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-07882ec23de6f2f8"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The only account of bus signal priority in Ahmedabad describes a trial, not a service. It ends with the operator's general manager saying he will 'study the results in detail and review the feasibility of expanding the V2X system across a wider area of the BRTS corridor in Ahmedabad', and with the supplier promising that 'upon completion of the trial period of the experiment, Zero-Sum will have a public demonstration of the system'. Neither statement describes a system in normal operation.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-b100c88f0aac062c",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "was discontinued on 31 December 2025",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-9c99aac7a96a767c"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's smart-card page carries a single notice, quoted in this entry's source list as: 'Janmitra Card Update - The ICICI Bank Janmitra Card has been discontinued effective 31st December 2025.' Search listings of that page still show the same discontinuation notice. The page itself did not answer when this was checked, so no locator string could be taken from it.",
      "caveat": "The notice concerns the ICICI Bank Janmitra card in particular, not every way of paying on the system. The page could not be opened when this was checked, so its present wording is not confirmed.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-8b6c44b76cfabbc9",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "while the operator's own older website still lists it as the way to pay",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c0532443f056ebbb"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's legacy site is still online and still advertises the card. Its 'BRTS in Numbers' page, reached from the sidebar of the cited page, reads: 'Cashless ticket purchase through Janmitra card and PayTM from all BRTS stations.' The same page still states '50 Electric buses', while the operator's current site describes a larger electric fleet.",
      "caveat": "The sentence about the card sits on a neighbouring page of the same legacy site rather than on the page cited here; the cited page links to it from its sidebar.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "clm-a84ef78776a01ef2",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "a locator on every bus reporting to one room",
      "statementKind": "descriptive",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
       "src-c0532443f056ebbb",
       "src-c97cbb058fd4cbcd"
      ],
      "supportNote": "The operator's page describes the arrangement: 'All data is collected and collated at the Command Control Centre', and gives an example in which the system 'will track if a particular driver is over-speeding and notify the driver through the display unit installed on every bus'. The supplier's case study names the device on the vehicle, an 'On-board location and communications unit', and the control centre that performs 'Real-Time Monitoring functions of the information generated in the OBUs'.",
      "caveat": "The operator's wording is about a display unit on every bus and data collated centrally; the supplier's figure for on-board location units covers the 139 buses it equipped, not the fleet as it stands now.",
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     {
      "id": "src-c97cbb058fd4cbcd",
      "title": "GMV, Ahmedabad BRTS case study (supplier)",
      "url": "https://www.gmv.com/sites/default/files/content/file/2021/04/05/115/caso-de-exito_ahmedabad_eng.pdf",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "gmv.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "pdf",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-722a616e304b2341",
       "clm-79e86d38a3345a3e",
       "clm-c62a61aa210b87d3",
       "clm-92b1e0ed824ef477",
       "clm-51fdc6604772706f",
       "clm-a84ef78776a01ef2"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Carries the hardware counts. Verbatim: 'FMS on-board equipment for 139 buses: on-board location and communications unit, driver console'; 'Passenger information system: 127 information displays at stations'; 'Ticketing system at BRTS stations: 150 stations equipped with validators for access control'; 'FMS and ticketing control center'. Also carries the smartcard superlative as an attributed operator quote: '«With the launch of the Smart Card System in Ahmedabad BRTS, we are the first in India to introduce a Smart Card System in bus services» Shri Harsadrai J. Solanki, General Manager, Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited'. Supplier marketing — treat the superlative as the operator's claim, not a verified fact.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-c0532443f056ebbb",
      "title": "Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, 'IT That's Hugely Empowering' (operator)",
      "url": "https://janmarg.in/index.php?file=moredetail_itthatshugelyempoering",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "janmarg.in",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-c351918874130f24",
       "clm-51fdc6604772706f",
       "clm-8b6c44b76cfabbc9",
       "clm-a84ef78776a01ef2"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Describes the ITMS umbrella and the command control centre where 'All data is collected and collated'. Verbatim on the card: 'In January 2012, the Ahmedabad BRTS became the first bus system in India to replace paper tickets with contactless smartcards.' NOTE: this legacy operator site is out of date — its 'BRTS in Numbers' page still advertises 'Cashless ticket purchase through Janmitra card', which was discontinued at the end of 2025, and still says 50 electric buses where the current site says 150.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-9c99aac7a96a767c",
      "title": "Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, Smart Card page (operator, checked August 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.ahmedabadbrts.org/information/smart-card/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ahmedabadbrts.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-b100c88f0aac062c"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The whole page reads: 'Janmitra Card Update — The ICICI Bank Janmitra Card has been discontinued effective 31st December 2025.'",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-e99a05870677f6d9",
      "title": "Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, live ETA portal (operator, checked August 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.ahmedabadbrts.org/eta/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "ahmedabadbrts.org",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-b58a5685022d03dd"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Evidence the AVL layer is live and public today: a per-stop query returns route, vehicle reference, expected arrival and departure times and 'arriving in N minutes', with vehicle positions drawn on a Leaflet/OpenStreetMap map. The portal's licence dialog names the licensee as 'Smart City Ahmedabad Development Limited', confirming SCADL runs the commuter-facing side.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-d4a61146334efca8",
      "title": "Smart City Ahmedabad Development Limited, Pan City Projects (operator)",
      "url": "https://smartcityahmedabad.com/pan-city-projects/",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "smartcityahmedabad.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-fbb363bd0ab4ff1a"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": null,
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "record-date-only"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Verbatim: 'Integrated Transit Management System (ITMS) is a project with a total cost of 186 crores providing a common IT Backbone for real-time monitoring of both BRTS ... and AMTS fleets'. The Automated Fare Collection entry says a single National Common Mobility Card standard card is 'proposed' — i.e. not yet asserted as delivered.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     },
     {
      "id": "src-07882ec23de6f2f8",
      "title": "Zero-Sum ITS Solutions India, V2X bus priority demonstration (vendor press release, via ANI/Business Standard)",
      "url": "https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/demonstration-of-a-v2x-system-for-the-prioritization-of-public-transportation-vehicles-buses-on-bus-rapid-transport-system-corridor-in-ahmedabad-india-122030700448_1.html",
      "publisher": {
       "name": null,
       "domain": "business-standard.com",
       "classification": "not-classified"
      },
      "sourceType": "web-page",
      "language": "und",
      "role": "claim-evidence",
      "claimRefs": [
       "clm-c351918874130f24",
       "clm-a2da102a38e961f8",
       "clm-5da940ddc38ab005"
      ],
      "temporal": {
       "publishedAt": "2022-03-07",
       "updatedAt": null,
       "sourceCheckedAt": null,
       "recordLastVerifiedAt": "2026-08-06",
       "dossierCreatedAt": "2026-08-22",
       "retrievedAt": null,
       "status": "publication-and-record-dates-recorded"
      },
      "locator": {
       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "The only Ahmedabad signal-priority evidence found: a 2022 demonstration in which a bus on the BRTS corridor talks to junction signals. A vendor press release about a demonstration — this is why the entry says 'demonstrated', not 'deployed'.",
       "exact": false
      },
      "preservation": {
       "archiveUrl": null,
       "archivedAt": null,
       "contentHash": null,
       "status": "not-captured"
      }
     }
    ],
    "coverage": {
     "claimsTotal": 13,
     "claimsMapped": 13,
     "sourcesTotal": 6,
     "sourcesUsedByClaims": 6,
     "sourcesWithPublicationDate": 1,
     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
     "sourcesWithExactLocator": 0,
     "sourcesWithContentHash": 0
    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
   }
  }
 ]
}