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 "description": "Append-only Evidence Passport records. Old revisions are immutable; corrections create a new revision and preserve the previous permalink.",
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  "title": "Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit",
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 },
 "currentRevisionId": "2026-08-27-editorial-review-2",
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      "id": "src-194ee29a3f38f959",
      "title": "Semafor — 'Ethiopia's China Addis Ababa rail collapse $60m problem' (Feb 2023)",
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       "publishedAt": "2023-02-02",
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      "title": "Amb. David H. Shinn blog — assessment of the project (May 2026)",
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       "value": "Quotes: 'only about a third of its 41 trains are operational'; ridership 'just 55,000 passengers a day'; project 'fell far short of its promises' and added new traffic bottlenecks rather than easing them",
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     {
      "id": "src-0760fa8836d6d194",
      "title": "Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit Signaling System Design Analysis (AAU thesis repository)",
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     {
      "id": "src-8eb53926bb341642",
      "title": "FSX Business — 'Addis Ababa Light Rail Sees Passenger Surge to 75,000 as Fuel Shortage Bites' (28 Apr 2026)",
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      "id": "src-35eaabe8781be1e2",
      "title": "2merkato (citing Ethiopian Herald/ERC) — 'Addis Ababa Light Rail Expands Fleet and Boosts Performance' (6 Aug 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.2merkato.com/news/transport/8570-ethiopia-addis-ababa-light-rail-expands-fleet-and-boosts-performance-amid-infrastructure-improvements",
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       "type": "descriptive-source-note",
       "value": "Trägt die Betreiberangabe: 19 von 41 Zügen instandgesetzt zum Ende des äthiopischen Fiskaljahrs 2025, Ziel 25 für 2026, 16,5 Mio. Jahresfahrgäste — als operator claim gekennzeichnet.",
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     "sourcesWithArchive": 0,
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    },
    "limits": [
     "Publisher names and source languages have not yet been classified; domains are recorded without guessing.",
     "Existing source notes are descriptive locators, not page- or paragraph-exact citations.",
     "A missing archive, publication date or content hash is shown as null rather than inferred.",
     "The project-level evidence grade ranks the strongest source in the entry; it is not a truth score for every claim."
    ]
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   "summary": "Added a ten-claim evidence mapping and a sourced lesson; corrected the date of the independent 2026 assessment from 2014-01-13 to its actual posting date of 2026-05-12 and named the peer-reviewed study it summarises; restated ridership and fleet figures as the operator's own, with the independent count beside them; rewrote a source note that had been left in German.",
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     "operator": "Ethiopian Railways Corporation (ERC), with technical operations run jointly with Shenzhen Metro Group",
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    },
    "claims": [
     {
      "id": "clm-b820dda697cf7e78",
      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "Opened in 2015 as sub-Saharan Africa's first modern urban light rail, the 31.6 km, 39-station, two-line network was built by China Railway Group and financed by a roughly $475 million loan from China's Export-Import Bank",
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      "text": "The line uses fixed-block signalling with track circuits and level-crossing protection engineered specifically for it",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "snippet",
      "text": "a rehabilitation push begun in 2024 has been returning trains a handful at a time",
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      "supportNote": "The operator reports the working fleet rising from 13 to 19 by the end of the 2025 fiscal year; the April 2026 report counts 17 in service.",
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      "text": "Daily ridership runs between about 45,000 and 60,000 on the operator's own figures, against a 2016 peak near 113,500",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "a fuel shortage in April 2026 briefly pushed it to about 75,000 as commuters left road transport",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The April 2026 report attributes the rise to a fuel shortage driving commuters away from road transport.",
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      "interpretation": {
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
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      "field": "impact",
      "text": "Only 17 of the 41 trains were in service in April 2026, up from eight in February 2023",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
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      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "By February 2023 eight of the 41 trains were running",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "Semafor reports the Addis Ababa Road and Transport Bureau's count of eight operational trains out of 41.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-594ff9aa3cb1fff8",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "spare parts, motors, and the foreign exchange to import them",
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      "supportNote": "The bureau is quoted saying the line lacks spare parts as well as the foreign exchange needed to import them.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     },
     {
      "id": "clm-18c72dbd62633afd",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "The rescue was another Chinese agreement, for 573 types of spare part worth $23 million",
      "statementKind": "quantitative",
      "textMode": "verbatim-from-project-record",
      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
      "sourceRefs": [
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      "supportNote": "The February 2023 report describes the agreement covering 573 types of spare part worth 155 million yuan, about $23 million.",
      "caveat": null,
      "interpretation": {
       "added": false,
       "interpolation": false,
       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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     {
      "id": "clm-c1a219ade4d433c8",
      "field": "lesson",
      "text": "the independent assessment published in 2026, which put working trains at about a third of the fleet and ridership at 55,000 a day",
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      "mappingStatus": "mapped",
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      "supportNote": "The May 2026 post reports the assessment's conclusion that only about a third of the 41 trains are operational, carrying about 55,000 passengers a day.",
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       "note": "The passport copies the published claim and its recorded source mapping without adding a conclusion."
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    "sources": [
     {
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